Think More Ambiguity Less: A Novel Dual Interactive Model with Local and Global Semantics for Chinese Named Entity Recognition
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Chinese is a representative East Asian language. Chinese Named Entity Recognition (CNER) aims to recognize various entities. It is significant for other NLP tasks to utilize CNER. Recent research to develop CNER systems has been dedicated to either considering word enhancement or capturing global information to strengthen local composition and alleviate word ambiguity in the meanings of words. However, information on words acquired from external lexicons is often confused, and this has led to incorrect judgments regarding the boundaries of words. Moreover, relevant studies typically use excessively complex models to capture the global semantics of sentences. To solve these two problems, we incorporate a global representation into the procedure of local word enhancement. We propose an intuitive and effective dual-module interactive network that can enhance the boundaries of words and extract the global semantics by using a rethinking mechanism to refine the importance of local composition and global information. The results of experiments on four CNER datasets showed that the proposed model can outperform other baselines in terms of the F1 score.Keywords:
Representation
This paper divides ambiguity in English into intentional and unintentional ambiguity in terms of practical effect,analyzes systematically their causes,and puts forward avoiding ambiguity in practical comĖmunication and making full use of intentional ambiguity to reach the goal in communication.
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This article shows the importance and value of ambiguity to reveal opportunities hidden in problems and the manner in which ambiguity is removed from applications of design thinking. It describes the value of introducing, sustaining, and using ambiguity and explains the different types of ambiguity. It follows up by describing the events when a designer encounters ambiguity. This article proposes that an understanding of ambiguity is needed to harness its capabilities in finding innovative opportunities. To do so, design practitioners should consider (1) identifying the type of ambiguity needed to expand the scope of opportunity exploration and (2) becoming aware of and managing one's ability to work with ambiguity. Finally, it identifies the lack of literature on the impact of independent and collective experience on using ambiguity in design.
Scope (computer science)
Value (mathematics)
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This paper stresses on the difference between ambiguity and polysemy from the aspects of character,condition and category,and sums up the classification of ambiguity by analyzing the source of ambiguity and applying the three linguistic aspects of syntax,semantics and pragmatics.A large number of examples are cited to show that polysemy in syntax,semantics and pragmatics forms the basis and provides the necessity for the making of ambiguity.Thus,Ambiguity links the three linguistic aspects together.
Polysemy
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Ambiguity is a common linguistic phenomenon and has attracted the attention of experts and scholars. From the communicative effect, ambiguity can be divided into intentional ambiguity and unintentional ambiguity. Unintentional ambiguity belongs to pragmatic failure, which influences the normal communication and need be disambiguated. However, Intentional ambiguity is a communication strategy for some particular communication purposes, which needn't be disambiguated and has a certain pragmatic value. The paper focuses on the positive use of intentional ambiguity in advertising, literary works, daily life, political speeches, etc.
Phenomenon
Value (mathematics)
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This paper is an attempt to analyze the phenomenon of ambiguity from the perspective of communication effects. This paper divides ambiguity into intentional ambiguity and unintentional ambiguity, gives examples combined with communication teaching and forwards methods to avoid and eliminate ambiguity so as to help students clear obstacles to communication.
Phenomenon
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Vagueness
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Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in the English language.This paper makes a study of the pragmatic ambiguity from the angle of pragmatics,and probes into the manifestation of pragmatic ambiguity,the contexts of pragmatic ambiguity and the pragmatic effects caused by pragmatic ambiguity.
Phenomenon
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It is standard to assume people making an uncertain choice experience no ambiguity when they know the probabilities that actually apply to the possible outcomes. However, bounded rationality, among other possible factors, may effectively create ambiguity in such cases. This chapter examines data from an experiment that allows us to compare decision behaviour under total ambiguity with that under 'no ambiguity'. The experimental evidence indicates people experience ambiguity even when none seems to be present, and the ambiguity biases decision behaviour in a systematic way. In particular, it makes prospects with an intermediate variance level particularly attractive, and it makes high variance prospects more attractive than they otherwise would be.
Bounded rationality
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There exits ambiguity everywhere in English.This paper discusses several kinds of ambiguity in general at first,such as lexical ambiguity,structural ambiguity and pragmatic ambiguity.The paper further explains the effective way to avoid the ambiguity easily handicaping the language communication.Then,the paper focuses on the pragmatic ambiguity,hoping to avoid the improper ambiguity and conduct the language communication smoothly.
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