Pterostilbene, an active constituent of blueberries, enhances innate immune activation and restricts enterovirus D68 infection
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Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a globally re-emerging respiratory pathogen implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illnesses and associated with acute flaccid myelitis. However, effective vaccines or treatments for EV-D68 infections remain scarce. We demonstrated that the active constituent of blueberries, pterostilbene (Pte), and its major metabolite, pinostilbene (Pin), facilitated innate immune responses in EV-D68-infected human respiratory cells. Pte and Pin treatment clearly relieved EV-D68-triggered cytopathic effects. Importantly, both Pte and Pin disrupted viral RNA replication (EC 50 rank from 1.336 to 4.997 µM) and infectious virion production in a dose-dependent manner, without cytotoxicity at virucidal concentrations. Pte- or Pin-treated respiratory cells did not show any influences on EV-D68 entry but showed substantially decreased viral RNA replication and protein synthesis. Finally, we showed that Pte and Pin broadly suppressed the replication capacity of circulating EV-D68 strains isolated from recent pandemics. In summary, our results suggest that Pte and its derivative, Pin, enhance host immune recognition of EV-D68 and suppress EV-D68 replication, which represents a promising strategy for antiviral drug development.Objecgtive : The aim of present study was to investigate inhibition effect of Whakijogyung-Tang(WJT) on the tumor cell lines. This study estimated the cytotoxicity of WJT about viability of S-180 and NlH3T3. Methods : The cytotoxicity of WJT about viability of cells were tested using a colorimetric tetrazoliun assay(MTT assay) Results and Conclusion : 1. Water extract of WJT had of 863 in S-180 cell lines, but cytotoxicity of NIH3T3 was not significant difference compare with S-180. 2. n-Hexane fraction of WJT had similar cytotoxicity between S-180 and NIH3T3, but that could not have in S-180 cell lines. 3. Ethyl acetate fraction of WJT had low degree cytotoxicity both S-180 and NIH3T3 cell lines. 4. Significantly, Butanol fraction of WJT had differenct citotoxicity between S-180 and NIH3T3. 5. fraction of WJT had no cytotoxicity both S-180 and NIH3T3.
MTT assay
Fraction (chemistry)
Viability assay
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Abstract The effect of daily injections of 3 × 10 6 units of human leukocyte IF on the spontaneous cytotoxicity of peripheral lymphocytes was studied in 43 patients with a variety of diseases. An increase in spontaneous cytotoxicity was observed 12 to 24 h after the first IF injection with the peak of activity occurring, in most cases, at 24 h. In some patients a decrease in spontaneous cytotoxicity, observed 6 h after the injection, preceded this increase. The increment in spontaneous cytotoxicity was not significantly correlated to preinjection level of cytotoxicity, disease, age, sex, previous therapy, leukocyte counts or proportions of lymphocytes and monocytes. A second injection of IF maintained the spontaneous cytotoxicity at an increased level and during prolonged IF therapy, up to 9 months, the cytotoxicity remained elevated. IF treatment in vitro caused an enhancement of spontaneous cytotoxicity in lymphocytes drawn prior to IF injection. This IF‐induced increase in cytotoxicity in vitro was correlated to the increase in cytototoxicity induced by IF in vivo. Six hours after the first IF injection the ability of IF in vitro to enhance spontaneous cytotoxicity was decreased and during prolonged therapy the ability of IF in vitro to enhance spontaneous cytotoxicity remained decreased.
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Amyloid (mycology)
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Objective:Assess cytotoxicity of medical device with silver nanoparticles and assay the reason of the cytotoxicity.Method:The nine kinds of silver nanoparticle samples in three types were tested by MTT cytotoxicity method.Result:The test showed that the cytotoxic ity in 9 final samples all were grade 3 to 4;the gels and dressings which are semi-finished products without silver nanoparticles,were grade 1 of cytotoxicity;patches were grade 4 of cytotoxicity;patches without adhesive were grade 1 of cytotoxicity.Conclusion:Silver nanoparticle medical devices in the present test showed moderate or severe cytotoxicity.Gels or dressings only which without silver nanoparticle showed slightly cytotoxicity.Patches only which without silver nanoparticle showed severe cytotoxicity,and adhesive is the main reason of the cytotoxicity.Whether the severe cytotoxicity will induce persist cell damage,and the detail mechanisms of silver nanoparticle or adhesive-induced cytotoxicity need further investigation.
Silver nanoparticle
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The purpose of this study is to examine the protective effect of Cynomorii herba on -induced cytotoxicity in male germ cells. The effects were studied by a modified MTT assay. Hydrogen peroxide significantly induced cytotoxicity in GC-1 spg cells, and co-treatment or pre-treatment of Cynomorii herba extract has reduced the cytotoxicity in a dose dependant manner. These results suggest that Cynomorii herba extract increases the survival rate of GC-1 spg cells through the antioxidant effect against -induced cytotoxicity.
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为了学习，肺的牙槽的巨噬细胞( AM )上的矿物质灰尘的损坏机制，在他们的死亡比率的变化， malandialdthyde ( MDA )内容和lactate 脱氢酶( LDH )和超级氧化物 dismutase (草皮)的活动被测量，并且在 vitro 的房间文化的技术被用来从 12 矿藏调查六矿物质灰尘( 12 结晶形态)的 cytotoxicity 。结果证明硅灰石 andclinoptilolite 没有 AM cytotoxicity，当另外的含纤维、粒状的矿物质灰尘在各种各样的度损坏肺的 AM 时。含纤维的矿物质灰尘的 cytotoxicity 比粒状的的大，并且灰尘的 cytotoxicity 断然在灰尘与活跃 OH~ 内容被相关，然而并非必然那么与它的 SiO_2 满足。高 pH 由灰尘生产了为房间的幸存是相反的，有低简历抵抗的灰尘为房间是安全的。在灰尘的可变原子价元素的内容可能影响他们的 cytotoxicity，灰尘的表面电荷不是为他们的毒性的一个稳定的因素。矿物质灰尘的形状是影响 cytotoxicity 的因素之一，这被表明，并且矿物质的 cytotoxicity 清扫，这主要取决于他们的性质。
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The effects of some halogen-substituted flavanoids (dichloroflavan, halogenated isoflavans, and isoflavenes) on poliovirus type 2 infection was examined. Only two isoflavenes exhibited a significant inhibitory activity on the virus-induced cytopathic effect and plaque formation. In a single cycle of viral replication, both compounds reduced the viral yield by approximately 90%. The presence of the isoflavenes from the beginning of infection or during the adsorption period only prevented the shutoff of host translation and viral RNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that the drugs blocked an early step of viral replication. Indeed, both isoflavenes were not virucidal, did not protect virus infectivity from heat inactivation, and had no measurable effect on the binding of virus to cells, viral penetration, and uncoating of the viral RNA. In contrast, both compounds significantly reduced the infectivity of free viral RNA. The possibility that compounds interfere with poliovirus replication at a very early stage of translation of the input RNA is discussed.
Infectivity
Cytopathic effect
Viral protein
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Evidence is presented that poliovirus particles with a single lethal hit by hydroxylamine do not induce in host cells either inhibition of cellular protein synthesis or viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) replication. The RNA of these viruses is not replicated even if the cells are simultaneously infected with both active and inactivated viruses. The damaged viral RNA seems to have lost both its template function and its function in the translation of normal viral proteins.
Hydroxylamine
Viral protein
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Eight aza-chalcones L1-8 and eight new platinum(IV) complexes C1-8 with aza-chalcones were synthesized. The complexes have been characterized by elemental anaylsis, IR spectra, electronic spectrum and 1H NMR. The cytotoxicity was tested byMTT assays and compared with the cytotoxicity of cisplatinum. The results indicate that the complexes C1-3 and C5-8 have cytotoxicity against tested A-549 cell line; moreover, the cytotoxicity of complexes C6 approached cisplatinum. The complexes C3, C4 and C6 have cytotoxicity against tested Hela cell line, but the cytotoxicity of these complexes is lower than cisplatinum.Most of the coorespounding ligands have no cytotoxicity against tested two cell lines, and the cytotoxicity of all ligands is lower than complexes.The results suggest that the cytotoxicity of all complexes againstA-549 cell line is better than against Hela cell line.
HeLa
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Doppel (Dpl ) 由于结构、生物化学的类似是象蛋白质一样的 prion (PrP ) ；然而， Dpl 和 PrP 的自然功能仍然保持不清楚。在这研究，编码 Dpl 蛋白质的一个 531-bp 人 PRND 基因序列从人的外部血白细胞被放大。全身、各种各样的截断的人的 Dpl 和 PrP 蛋白质从 Escherichia 被表示并且净化 coli。全身的 Dpl 的补充导致了显著 cytotoxicity，和负责的区域到人的 neuroblastoma 房间 SH-SY5Y 上因为它的 cytotoxicity 在 Dpl 的中间的片断被印射[氨基酸(aa ) 81122 ] 。有趣地，导致 Dpl 的 cytotoxicity 被全身的野类型的 PrP 的存在反对。PrP 异种的碎片上的分析证明 N 终端碎裂(aa 2390 ) PrP 为保护的活动负责。有 Dpl 在 SH-SY5Y 房间上导致了象 Dpl 一样 cytotoxicity 的类似的第二等的结构的截断的 PrP (PrP32121 ) 。而且，铜离子的绑定能在导致 Dpl 的 cytotoxicity 上提高 PrP 的反对效果。Apoptosis 试金表明 Dpl 导致的 cytotoxicity 通过 apoptotic 机制发生了。这些结果建议 Dpl 的功能对 PrP 而非 synergistic 对抗。
SH-SY5Y
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