DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM AS A CREATIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX
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The article proves the necessity of forming and using a digital ecosystem for the fuel and energy complex as a driver of the national economy. A reasoned list of features characteristic of the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine, different from other branches of the economy, is given. The species components that form the ecosystem itself and the positive and negative impact of the fuel and energy complex on the ecosystem have been updated. The author's vision of a scientific and practical approach to the formation of the effective development of the fuel and energy complex and the system for ensuring its energy security is presented. In order to objectively assess the state of effective development of the fuel and energy complex and the formation of a system for ensuring its energy security, a more detailed analysis (in dynamics) of the dependence of the gross domestic product on the size of the supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning was carried out. Determination of the closeness of the dependence between GDP and the volume of supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning was carried out according to the empirical correlation relation. The high tightness of the connection was proved and the determination index for non-linear connections was calculated - 88%. Visualization of the positive and negative impact of the fuel and energy complex on the ecosystem is graphically formed. It is emphasized that the adaptation of ecosystems to the factors causing changes requires a quick response to changes in market dynamics, otherwise irreversible processes in the energy security system are likelyKeywords:
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Has the energy policy act in single state contributed to the establishment of energy security? The aim of this paper is in this respect the policy evaluation. The original purpose of the energy policy as a key issue of the non-traditional security is the crucial factor that can promote economic development and social stability of the country. But it is not easy to build a national energy security in so many energy security related issues.BR Thus this paper attempts to evaluate how well the member states' energy policy is working for the energy security. Above all this paper looks at the concept of the three requisites for energy security, such as sustainability, energy supply security and energy safety, upon a literature search. Also this paper introduces the current study of the common energy policy, and debate the pros and cons of clean energy policy changes in the European Union.BR The report provides a framework for energy security in aspects of countermeasures based on the theoretical discussion, and evaluation of energy policy in the European Union. In conclusion, there is a limit to the response of only the energy policy at the national level. In order to establish energy security, It is necessary to establish energy security in three dimensions; the international dimension, community level and the domestic dimension.
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Abstract : This thesis considers three notable developments in German energy policy: the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline project between Russia and Germany, the decision to phase out nuclear energy, and European Union (EU) and German renewable energy policy agendas. The thesis uses EU and German policy pronouncements, press reports, and third-party analysis to understand the three policy developments and assess their effects. It establishes a trilemma framework that relates energy security with other energy objectives as well as a liberal international relations (IR) theory framework to relate energy policy to broader security and stability objectives. Through an analysis of the three policy measures, the thesis depicts the challenges associated with pursuing energy objectives and highlights contradictions where measures intended to increase energy security can actually act to undermine it. Furthermore, it explores the complex relationship between energy security and overall regional security and stability. Using a liberal framework, it illustrates how policies established to improve energy security may act to undermine broader regional stability and security objectives.
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Energy security means the continuous availability of energy, inadequate amounts at a reasonable price. It means when local and imported resources at a reasonable price meet the country's growing demand for energy. Energy Security impact depends on Environmental challenges, liberalization, deregulation, and the liquidity and competitiveness of the market; besides, the most affecting role in energy security plays the government. Global tensions, as well as regional conflicts, are the most challenging for today’s world. Adequate attention to environmental challenges and diversification of sources can be the solution to Energy security. Georgia entered the Energy Community Treaty on 1 July 2017. Membership in the Energy Community has a wider political consequence for the country as the membership shows its pro-European orientation. It’s worth mentioning that Georgia is the first Contracting Party not to have a border with the EU internal market or with any other Energy Community Party. Besides, membership of the Energy community redefines also the energy security questions. Georgia made an important improvement in the energy sector by replacing the energy market framework with the Third Energy Package. Georgian Energy law and policy mainly depend on better energy partnerships between the European Union and Georgia.
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In the last decade we have seen the creation process of a common Energy Policy, which was gradually adopted by all Community countries, and has promoted an integrated competitive European energy market, increased security of supply and supported the use renewable energy sources. But in order for this policy to work efficiently, it also had to promote international cooperation with its neighbors and energy suppliers. With the view of establishing an Integrated Energy Market Organization in South-Eastern Europe, the European Community, along with nine other countries, has signed on 25 October 2005 the treaty establishing the Energy Community. Our research aims to investigate the potential of the European Union to promote security of energy supply and energy markets integration through the Energy Community. The article uses data from theoretical and empirical research on the economic and politic relations between the members of the Energy Community in order to establish the positive and negative outcomes of six year of collaboration.
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In response to the recent structural imbalance of oil supply and demand, Japan has placed energy security at the top agenda of its energy policies. A review of the energy security level has importance in formulating and steering energy policies. Although energy security meant national energy security that puts the main priority on a stable energy supply, we are now required to consider energy security from wider viewpoints of global energy security, which includes environment, nuclear concerns, international relations and others as its priority aspects. This report is prepared to suggest a method of estimating energy security level in a quantitative manner. In this method, Japan's energy supply and demand structure is evaluated on the selected aspects and indexes as standard deviation among eight advanced nations and one area. The aspects and indexes include energy consumption, environment and economics as well as energy supply. The outcomes prepared by this method show that Japan is now placed at a lower position than most advanced nations and area, although its energy security level has been improved mainly with the contribution of the diversification of energy supply sources. The estimation also shows that Japan's energy security could improve until the portion of nuclear energy in the power supply reaches around 60% on the assumption of its present energy supply and demand structure. The future task is to determine the aspects and indexes to be picked up or the possible weight to be distributed among the aspects and indexes in response to the situations surrounding energy.
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Energy is the most strategic sector which necessitates long term decisions that highly affect the economy, development, internal security and foreign policy of a country. Continuing significance of oil and gas in geopolitics affects the positions and strategies of actors. The Middle East and Eurasia controls the most a significant portion of hydrocarbons that are yet to be discovered. Russia holds the world's largest natural gas reserves, the second-largest coal reserves, and the ninth-largest crude oil reserves. Turkey has concentrated its efforts for the transportation of Caspian oil and gas reserves to Western markets on the realization of the East-West Energy Corridor, and North-South Corridor. Turkey will inevitably contribute to Europe’s energy supply security. Turkey’s objective is to become Europe’s fourth main artery of energy supply. New pipelines will enhance Turkey’s role as an important transit country on the Eurasia energy axis and energy hub in the region. In this study, the history of Turkish and Russian energy policies and main principles of their energy strategies. Main aim of this study is to investigate Russian-Turkish energy cooperation and conflictual energy projects. Key Words: Energy, Security of energy supply, Enery co-operation, Energy Policies
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China is the world's rapidly growing economy after the United States. Economic growth has increased China's energy demand. Ensuring energy security is important for China. In order to study China's modern energy policy, the article first examines the nature of the country's fuel and energy complex. The future prospects and problems of this field were discussed. The article also examines the main threats to China’s modern energy security. Key words: energy, energy security, energy policy, China’s development, fuel and energy complex
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Ensuring energy supply security has become one of the most important purposes for many countries. To make the strategies for ensuring the energy supply security of a country, it is essential to quantitatively assess the security. This paper aims to present a methodology to evaluate the energy supply security of a country by using different indices of energy dependence and energy diversity, which have been raised as two main paradigms of energy supply security. This study also proposes two indices reflecting the correlation between a country’s energy diversity and energy import dependence to evaluate its energy supply security based on easily accessible data. The presented methodology and indices were applied to the evaluation of the primary energy supply security of Korea from 1991 to 2018. The results show that a country highly dependent on energy imports is not evaluated as secure enough in terms of energy supply even if it obtains higher energy diversity. This finding supports the importance of the correlation of energy dependence and energy diversity of a country to ensure its energy supply security. This approach could be further adapted to other countries and help them to make their energy policy and strategies.
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