Ultrafast L Band Soliton Pulse Generation in Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Graphene Oxide Saturable Absorber
Hazlihan HarisMalathy BatumalayTan Sin JinAhmad Razif MuhammadArni Munira MarkomC. L. AnyiMuhamad Hakim IzaniMohd Zulhakimi Ab RazakMegat Muhammad Ikhsan Megat HasnanIsmail Saad
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Abstract:
We demonstrate a simple mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on self-synthesized saturable absorber (SA) by combining graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions to form a GO-PEO thin film. This thin film was incorporated into an Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with a cavity length of 9 m. Our EDFL could operate at a 22 MHz repetition rate with a 0.8 ps pulse duration. The laser also showed stable soliton pulses under various laser pump power values. Our reported results show that GO-PEO SA is effective and proven as a cost-effective material for saturable absorbers for EDFLs.Keywords:
Saturable absorption
Erbium
Pulse duration
Mode-Locking
A passive mode-locking scheme in fiber laser using single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) or graphene as saturable absorber (SA) were demonstrated. Stable soliton-like pulses with pulsewidth of 418 fs and spectral linewidth of 6 nm using SWCNT and pulsewidth of 648 fs and spectral linewidth 3.88 nm using graphene as SA were achieved in mode-lock Er-doped fiber ring laser.
Saturable absorption
Laser linewidth
Mode-Locking
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Mode locking of an Yb-doped bulk laser in the 1 μm spectral range using a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber (SWCNT-SA) is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge. Passive mode locking of an Yb:KLuW laser resulted in nearly transform-limited pulses as short as 115 fs at 1048 nm. In addition, the nonlinear response of the SWCNT-SA was measured, yielding a modulation depth of 0.25% and a relaxation time of 750 fs.
Saturable absorption
Mode-Locking
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We have demonstrated a passively Q-switched Er:Lu2O3 ceramics laser using a monolayer graphene saturable absorber (SA). Stable pulsed operation with watt-level average power was achieved by a compact linear cavity without focusing on the SA. This is the first demonstration of a passively Q-switched mid-IR Er:Lu2O3 laser using a graphene SA. A maximum pulse energy of 9.4 μJ and a peak power of 33 W were achieved with a 247 ns pulse duration. To our knowledge, this is the shortest pulse duration, highest pulse energy, and highest peak power obtained with a graphene SA in the 3 μm wavelength region.
Saturable absorption
Pulse duration
Q-switching
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Monolayer graphene was synthesized and used to develop novel saturable absorbers for bulk solid-state laser mode-locking. The graphene mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser delivers stable 130-fs pulses at 1.25 μm with output powers up to 230 mW.
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Mode-Locking
Forsterite
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The efficient passive mode-locking of a Ti:sapphire laser with a monolayer graphene saturable absorber is demonstrated for the first time. High-quality and large-area (1 in.) monolayer graphene, synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, exhibits ultrafast recovery times and excellent nonlinear absorption behavior for bulk solid-state laser mode-locking near 800 nm. The continuous-wave mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser generates 63-fs pulses with output powers up to 480 mW under stable operation at 99.4 MHz.
Saturable absorption
Mode-Locking
Ti:sapphire laser
Continuous wave
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Stable and self-starting mode-locking of a Tm:KLu(WO(4))(2) crystal laser is demonstrated using a transmission-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based saturable absorber (SA). These experiments in the 2 microm regime utilize the E11 transition of the SWCNTs for nonlinear saturable absorption. The recovery time of the SWCNT-SA is measured by pump-probe measurements as approximately 1.2 ps. The mode-locked laser delivers approximately 10 ps pulses near 1.95 microm with a maximum output power of up to 240 mW at 126 MHz repetition rate.
Saturable absorption
Mode-Locking
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Saturable absorption
Pulse duration
Q-switching
Output coupler
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Saturable absorption
Pulse duration
Nanomaterials
Optical cavity
Spectral width
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According to saturable absorber function of two-level system and theoretical model of Q-switched mode locking, and combining with all-solid-state Yb:YAG laser, the characteristics of the saturable absorption of graphene which is varied with layers and the critical pump power of Q-switched mode locking have been studied numerically. It can be seen that the saturable fluence and modulation depth are proportional to the graphene layers. The critical pump power will decrease when the graphene layers, transmittance of output mirror, beam radius on graphene and cavity length decrease, and Q-switched mode locking becomes easier. The resonant beam radius and laser crystal length have an optimal value each, which can obtain minimum critical pump power.
Saturable absorption
Mode-Locking
Optical cavity
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Er:glass lasers are useful for a large number of applications because they emit in a narrow eye-safe region around 1.53 μm. For many of these applications a Q-switched pulse is required. Active Q-switches increase the complexity and the cost of the system. Passive Q-switches such as saturable absorbers remain the simplest and cheapest method.1-4
Saturable absorption
Erbium
Q-switching
Crystal (programming language)
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