Volcanism and tectonics unveiled in the Comoros Archipelago between Africa and Madagascar
Isabelle ThinonAnne LemoineSylvie LeroyFabien PaquetCarole BerthodSébastien ZaragosiVincent FaminNathalie FeuilletPierre BoymondCharles MasqueletNicolas MercuryAnaïs RusquetCarla ScalabrinJérôme Van der WoerdJulien BernardJulie BignonValérie ClouardCécile DoubreE. JacquesStéphan JorryF. RolandoneNicolas Chamot‐RookeMatthias DelescluseDieter FrankeLouise WatremezPatrick BachèleryLaurent MichonDaniel SauterStéphane BujanAlbane CanvaEmilie DassiéVincent RocheSaid AliAbdoul Hamid Sitti AllaouiaChristine DeplusSétareh RadLudivine Sadeski
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Abstract:
Geophysical and geological data from the North Mozambique Channel acquired during the 2020–2021 SISMAORE oceanographic cruise reveal a corridor of recent volcanic and tectonic features 200 km wide and 600 km long within and north of Comoros Archipelago. Here we identify and describe two major submarine tectono-volcanic fields: the N’Droundé province oriented N160°E north of Grande-Comore Island, and the Mwezi province oriented N130°E north of Anjouan and Mayotte Islands. The presence of popping basaltic rocks sampled in the Mwezi province suggests post-Pleistocene volcanic activity. The geometry and distribution of recent structures observed on the seafloor are consistent with a current regional dextral transtensional context. Their orientations change progressively from west to east (∼N160°E, ∼N130°E, ∼EW). The volcanism in the western part appears to be influenced by the pre-existing structural fabric of the Mesozoic crust. The 200 km-wide and 600 km-long tectono-volcanic corridor underlines the incipient Somalia–Lwandle dextral lithospheric plate boundary between the East-African Rift System and Madagascar. Supplementary Materials: Supplementary material for this article is supplied as a separate file: crgeos-159-suppl.pdf Des données géophysiques et géologiques ont été acquises lors de la campagne océanographique SISMAORE (2020–2021). Deux grands champs tectono-volcaniques sous-marins ont été découverts tout le long et principalement au nord de l’archipel des Comores : la province N’Droundé orientée N160°E au nord de Grande-Comore, et la province Mwezi orientée N130°E au nord d’Anjouan-Mayotte où des roches basaltiques de type popping-rocks suggèrent une activité volcanique possiblement actuelle à pléistocène. La géométrie et la distribution des structures récentes sont cohérentes avec un contexte régional actuel transtensif dextre. Leurs orientations évoluent d’Ouest en Est (∼N160°E, ∼N130°E, ∼EW), suggérant pour la partie occidentale, une mise en place du volcanisme influencée par la structuration crustale préexistante. Le corridor tectono-volcanique de 200 km de large et de 600 km de long dessine une limite de plaque lithosphérique Somalie-Lwandle immature en décrochante dextre entre le système du rift est-africain et Madagascar. Compléments : Des compléments sont fournis pour cet article dans le fichier séparé : crgeos-159-suppl.pdfKeywords:
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Kuhlmann, J. & Wagner, H.-G. 2017. Thelocarpon magnussonii on La Palma, Canary Islands — first record for the Macaronesian archipelago. — Herzogia 30: 313–316.For the first time, Thelocarpon magnussonii is recorded from the island of La Palma, Macaronesian archipelago. The collection is described in detail and compared to literature sources.
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