Outer Sidechain Engineering of Selenophene and Thiophene-Based Y-Series Acceptors to Produce Efficient Indoor Organic Solar Cells
Sung-Hyun KimKwang‐Pyo HongMuhammad Ahsan SaeedTae Hyuk KimHyungju AhnWooseop LeeJae Won ShimYun‐Hi Kim
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In recent years, efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as promising energy harvesters to drive Internet of Nanothings (IoNT) applications. The diverse design strategies developed for non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) materials have dramatically increased the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of indoor OPVs to 31%, and progress tends to continue. In this context, the current study investigated the indoor performance of NFA-OPVs by modifying the chalcogen-containing heterocycle of the acceptor molecule to thiophene (ThTh) and selenophene (ThSe), and changing the length of the external side chain using n-hexyl (C6) and n-nonyl (C9) components. Compared with the ThSe systems, the ThTh-containing OPVs exhibited enhanced current densities (JSC) and open-circuit voltages (VOC) owing to their enhanced crystallinity and reduced degree of bimolecular recombination. Similarly, the introduction of a short side chain (i.e., C6) led to relatively reduced monomolecular recombination and a moderated planarity compared to the system modified with the long side chain (i.e., C9). Ultimately, this resulted in an enhanced JSC and improved charge transport properties. Finally, the optimized OPV exhibited a PCE of 24.6% under a 1000 lx light-emitting diode lamp.The reactivity of benzo[ b ]thiophene and thiophene and the amount of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ]thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene in the title reaction on sulphided Co-Mo-Al 2 O 3 and MoS 2 catalysts has been determined at the temperature range 543-623 K and hydrogen pressures 0.5-2.0 MPa in a tubular flow integral reactor. Under above conditions, benzo[ b ]thiophene was more reactive than thiophene and the difference in their reactivities in the competitive reaction was substantially greater than in the single reaction. The selectivity to the intermediate 2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ]thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene in the reaction of benzo[ b ]thiophene and thiophene respectively, was measured in the whole region of total conversion. Based on these and reported data, the mechanism of hydrodesulphurization is discussed.
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Abstract All isomers of the parent phenanthro[ b ]thiophenes, namely, phenanthro[1,2‐ b ]thiophene, phenanthro‐[2,1‐ b ]thiophene, phenanthro[2,3‐ b ]thiophene, phenanthro[3,4‐ b ]thiophene, phenanthro[3,4‐ b ]thiophene, phenanthro[4,3‐ b ]thiophene and phenanthro[9,10‐ b ]thiophene have been synthesized.
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Electrically conducting poly(thiophenes) functionalized with hexyl and cyclohexyl side chains have been synthesized. Poly[3-hexyl thiophene-co-3-cyclohexyl thiophene] with different hexyl and cyclohexyl contents were synthesized and characterized. The regioregularity of the copolymer was very much affected and the amount of miscouplings rose with the increase of cyclohexyl thiophene. These structural defects affect the optical, conducting and electrochemical properties of the copolymer.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Thiophanthrene Ring Systems Naphtho [2, 3-c] thiophene Ring Systems Naphtho [1, 2-b] thiophene Ring Systems Naphtho [2, l-b] thiophene Ring Systems 2H-Naphtho [1,8] thiophene Naphtho [1, 2-c] thiophene Millaneous Three-Ring Systems Containing One Thiophene Ring
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Abstract We describe the synthesis of thieno[2,3‐ c ]dibenzothiophene ( 6 ), thieno[3,2‐ c ]dibenzothiophene ( 10 ), thieno‐[3,2‐ a ]dibenzothiophene ( 14 ), thieno[2,3‐ a ]dibenzothiophene ( 16 ), benzo[1,2‐ b :4,3‐ b ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 18 ), benzo[1,2‐‐6:3,4‐ b ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 20 ), benzo[2,1‐‐6:3,4‐ b ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 22 ), benzo[1,2‐ b :3,4‐ g ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 27 ), benzo[1,2‐ b :4,3‐ e ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 29 ), benzo[2,1‐‐6:3,4‐ g ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 36 ), benzo[2,1‐‐6:4,3‐ e ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 38 ), benzo[1,2‐‐6:4,3‐ g ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 41 ), benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ g ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 42 ), benzo[1,2‐ b :3,4‐ e ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 44 ) and benzo‐[1,2‐ b :5,4‐ e ]bisbenzo[ b ]thiophene ( 45 ).
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