Yield-limiting plant nutrients for maize production in northwest Ethiopia – CORRIGENDUM
Tadele AmareErkihun AlemuZerfu BazieAsmare WoubetSelamyihun KidanuBeamlaku AlemayehuAbrham AwokeAssefa DerebeTesfaye FeyisaLulseged TameneBitewlgn KerebhS.D. WaleAweke Mulualem
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The soil nutrients limiting factors of the Cinnamon of Zuoquan and Heshun were studied with a systematic approach technique on soil nutrient status through laboratory analysis,absorption study and pot experiment.the result displays that the main soil nutrients limiting factors of Zuoquan Cinnamon soil are P,N,Zn,Cu and P,N,K of Heshun.
Limiting
Soil nutrients
Soil test
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[Objective] The aim of the study was to compare limiting effects of various nutrients on bacterial regrowth in drinking water.[Method] Bacterial regrowth potential(BRP) method was used to investigate the limiting effects of carbon,phosphorus,nitrogen and other minerals on bacterial regrowth in drinking water.[Result] BRP was increased when nutrients was added to the water sample.Bacterial regrowth in drinking water would be limited by various nutrients jointly.The limiting effects of different nutrients was depended on the concentration ratios among various nutrients,and varied with water treatment processes.[Conclusion] Carbon had a stronger limiting effect than other nutrients in the source water,treated water and advanced treatment effluent investigated in the experiment,which indicated that carbon was the primary limiting nutrient on bacterial regrowth in drinking water in Tai Lake district.
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Carbon fibers
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Humans are modifying the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and it is therefore important to understand how these nutrients, independently or in combination, influence the growth and nutrient content of primary producers. Using meta‐analysis of 118 field and laboratory experiments in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, we tested hypotheses about co‐limitation of N and P by comparing the effects of adding N alone, P alone, and both N and P together on internal N (e.g. %N, C:N) and P (e.g. %P, C:P) concentrations in autotroph communities. In particular, we tested the following predictions. First, if only one nutrient was limiting, addition of that nutrient should decrease the concentration of the other nutrient, but addition of the non‐limiting nutrient would have no effect on the internal concentration of the limiting nutrient. If community co‐limitation was occurring then addition of either nutrient should result in a decrease in the internal concentration of the other nutrient. Community co‐limitation could also result in no change – or even an increase – in N concentrations in response to P addition if P stimulated growth of N fixers. Finally, if biochemically dependent co‐limitation was occurring, addition of a limiting nutrient would not decrease, and could even increase, the concentration of the other, co‐limited nutrient. We found no general evidence for the decrease in the internal concentration of one nutrient due to addition of another nutrient. The one exception to this overall pattern was marine systems, where N addition decreased internal P concentrations. In contrast, P addition increased internal N concentrations across all experiments, consistent with co‐limitation. These results have important implications for understanding the roles that N and P play in controlling producer growth and internal nutrient accumulation as well as for managing the effects of nutrient enrichment in ecosystems. Synthesis On a global scale, humans have doubled nitrogen (N) inputs and quadrupled phosphorus (P) inputs relative to pre‐industrial levels. N and P fertilization influences autotroph internal nutrient concentrations and ratios and thereby affects a variety of community and ecosystem processes, including decomposition and consumer population dynamics. It is therefore critical to understand the effects of nutrient additions on the growth and nutrient concentrations of primary producers. We used meta‐analysis to evaluate the responses of autotroph internal N and P concentrations to additions of N, P, and N+P and make inferences about limitation and co‐limitation of N and P across marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems. We found little evidence for single‐nutrient limitation, highlighting the fact that multiple nutrients generally limit primary production.
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Limiting
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The merits and methodological limitations of several main approaches for determining microalgal nutrient limitation are briefly reviewed and compared. (1) The elemental ratios of microalgae can reflect the status of nutrient limitation,but the result is far from constant and easily influenced by light,CO_(2) availability and nutrient status. (2) Enrichment experiments have been commonly used to determine the nutrient limitation in phytoplankton and natural water,but it can be influenced by the species composition of the seeding inocula phytoplankton sample and addition of one macronutrient may induce limitation of other nu trients. (3) Nutrient uptake kinetics can be used for detecting microalgal nutrient limitation, as nutrient limited cells exhibit increased uptake capacity or efficiency for the specific nutrient after it is re-supplied. But the uptake rates vary with a range of factors including microalgal species, nutrient history and nutrient status. (4) Biochemical approach has been used extensively in the study of N, P and Fe deprivation, but this method entails destruction of the sample and time consuming, and complicated process. (5) Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopie analysis can reveal dramatic spectral differences between nutrient-limited and nutrient-replete microalgal cells and represents a novel method to investigate macromolecular synthesis in response to changes in nutrient supply. But this method has the limitation of requiring bulky and expensive equipment. (6) The chlorophyll fluorescence measurements are non-destructive and highly sensitive, thus require only small volumes and low concentration of experimental samples. These characteristics make it become an increasing potential approach for exploring nutrient status of microalgae and their physiological response to varying environmental conditions.
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This chapter contains a tabular compilation of limiting conductivities of Bu4PBF4 ionic liquids in dimethylformamide solvents. Get Access PDF
Limiting
Dimethyl formamide
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Theoretical considerations based on nutrition experiments suggest that nutrient ratios of terrestrial plants are similar to the Redfield ratio found in marine phytoplankton. Laboratory experiments have shown that seedlings of many different plant species have similar nutrient concentration ratios when supplied with nutrients at free access. However, at free access, nutrients are likely to be taken up in amounts in excess of a plant's requirements for growth. In further experiments, therefore, the supply rate of each nutrient was reduced so that excessive uptake did not occur. Again, similar nutrient ratios were found among the plant species tested, although the ratios differed from those found in plants given free access to nutrients. Based on the law of the minimum, we suggest that optimum nutrient ratios be defined as the ratios found in plants when all nutrients are limiting growth simultaneously. The literature on nutrient concentrations was surveyed to investigate nutrient ratios in terrestrial ecosystems. Nutrients taken into consideration were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Based on the assumption that nitrogen is either the limiting nutrient or, when not limiting, is taken up only in small excess amounts, we calculated nutrient ratios from published data. The calculated ratios corresponded closely to the ratios determined in laboratory and field experiments.
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Redfield ratio
Terrestrial plant
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Nutrient Management
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This chapter contains a tabular compilation of limiting conductivities of C10mim-Br ionic liquids in water solvents. Get Access PDF
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Self limiting
Limiting current
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