Tilted fiber grating polarizer in a 40-µm polarization-maintaining fiber
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Abstract:
The optical polarizer is a crucial component widely used in many optical systems and applications. Fiber-optic polarizers have the merits of excellent compatibility and ease of integration with other fiber components. We report an in-line polarizer enabled by a 45° tilted fiber grating inscribed into a specialty fiber for the next generation fiber-optic gyroscope, i.e., a 40-µm ultra-fine-diameter tiger-type polarization-maintaining fiber with which the size of fiber-optic sensors can be miniaturized. The results show that a 40-mm-long polarizer operates at a center wavelength of around 830 nm with high-performance characteristics, such as a polarization extinction ratio exceeding 30 dB, a low insertion loss of less than 1.5 dB, and a large 3-dB optical bandwidth more than 60 nm. This kind of fiber-optic polarizer may have a broad scope across applications and systems such as fiber lasers and sensors, especially high-precision fiber-optic gyroscopes.Keywords:
Polarizer
Fiber Bragg Grating
Extinction ratio
An optical polarizer based on antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structure is presented. The advantage over conventional ARROW devices is the fact that high extinction ratio of the proposed polarizer can be obtained even with a large core diameter. This comes into effect because loss discrimination against TM modes is dramatically enhanced due to birefringence of the polyimide core. In addition, the loss discrimination can be further increased by reducing the thickness of the core at the first antiresonant condition. The measured extinction ratio and insertion loss of a 2-cm-long polyimide∕Ta2O5∕SiO2 ARROW polarizer are 40dB and 2.2dB, respectively.
Polarizer
Extinction ratio
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Waveguide
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Abstract We propose a carrier-depletion type Si optical modulator for transverse electric (TE) polarization loaded with an integrated polarizer. The integrated TE-pass polarizer with a bent waveguide has a compact and simple structure and demonstrate a polarization extinction ratio of 41.3 dB and insertion loss of 0.67 dB. This Si optical modulator loaded with the integrated polarizer achieved a maximum extinction ratio of 54.5 dB. It is expected to have a wide range of applications in digital coherent optical communication and optical sensing fields.
Polarizer
Extinction ratio
Waveguide
Integrated Optics
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
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In-fiber optical devices have low insertion loss, high reliability and compatibility with the fiber systems and transmission network. They are different from the in-line components that are typically produced by coupling the light in and out of the optical fiber to and from some bulk or integrated optical waveguide device, therefore, inducing high insertion loss. An in-fiber optical polarizer is a key component for integration of optical fiber system. The fiber grating technology has been vastly developed in the last two decades. It is a mature technique to achieve in-fiber optical components (reflection mirror, dispersion compensator, mode coupler et al.) with simple fabrication process, freely designed operating wavelength and no fiber type limitation. We have reported the 45° tilted fiber grating (45°-TFG) is an ideal in-fiber linear polarizer, which is based on Brewster's law. The polarization extinction ratio achieved by a 48mm long 45° TFG is exceeding 50 dB at the peak value and more than 40 dB over 50nm wavelength range. Compare with the otherin-fiber polarizers technique, such as anisotropic absorption, chiral fiber grating, and polarizing fiber based structures, the 45°-TFG based polarizers have many advantages, such as low cost, simply fabrication process, no limited by the fiber type, arbitrary operation wavelength, high polarization extinction ration, linear polarization state preservation and high handling power. Moreover, by using 45°-TFGs, we can achieved an all-fiberLyot filter (AFLF) - an in-fiber polarization interferometer, an all fiber mode locking fiber laser system, in-fiber power taping device and optical spectrometer.
Fiber Bragg Grating
Polarizer
Long-period fiber grating
Extinction ratio
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A novel optofluidically tunable Thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) based on a multimode interference (MMI) fiber filter is experimentally demonstrated with a wide tuning range from 1813.52 to 1858.70 nm. The wavelength tuning of the TDFL is achieved by employing an MMI fiber filter which is formed by splicing a segment of a special no-core fiber that is an all silica fiber without fiber core to single mode fibers. The no-core fiber with a large diameter of 200 μm is gradually vertically covered by refractive index matching liquid, which leads to a wavelength tuning of the transmission peak of the MMI fiber filter. The relationship between the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid and the peak wavelength shift of the MMI fiber filter is also discussed. Using the MMI fiber filter, a Thulium-doped fiber laser with a tuning range of 45.18 nm, a side-mode suppression ratio better than 40 dB, and a 3 dB bandwidth less than 0.16 nm is demonstrated.
Plastic-clad silica fiber
All-silica fiber
Fiber Bragg Grating
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This paper estimates the nonlinear refractive index of low attenuation bend insensitive fiber through experiments and simulation. We have studied and analysed the impact of all optical parameters such as wavelength difference of dual-frequency input signal, fiber length, effective area and dispersion on nonlinearity measurements of this fiber. In addition, a comparative study has been made between different fiber types with different optical properties to choose the more tolerant fiber against nonlinearity for high power fiber optic communications.
Zero-dispersion wavelength
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This paper estimates the nonlinear refractive index of low attenuation bend insensitive fiber through experiments and simulation. We have studied and analysed the impact of all optical parameters such as wavelength difference of dual-frequency input signal, fiber length, effective area and dispersion on nonlinearity measurements of this fiber. In addition, a comparative study has been made between different fiber types with different optical properties to choose the more tolerant fiber against nonlinearity for high power fiber optic communications.
Zero-dispersion wavelength
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Based on the flexible ultra-thin polymide, a single-sided single-layer sub-wavelength metal grating polarizer is given. Based on a single-sided single-layer polarizer, a high extinction ratio sandwich terahertz polarizer was designed. The polarizer is of a sandwich type with a 10 um in thickness substrate. The results show that at 0.14 THz, the extinction ratio of the device reaches 103 dB, which is much higher than that of the existing polarizers. Therefore, the design of this paper has certain reference value for the research and commercial use of terahertz modulation devices and the integration of terahertz communication systems.
Polarizer
Extinction ratio
Molar absorptivity
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We analyze the fiber dependence and the efficiency limitation for optical coupling using a lensed fiber integrated with a long period fiber grating. In summary, the fiber dependence and the efficiency limitation is analyzed for optical coupling using a lensed fiber integrated with a long-period fiber grating (LPFG). We found that a dispersion-shifted fiber is more efficient for the proposed coupling scheme than a standard single-mode fiber. The coupling efficiency seems to be strongly reduced for a small beam waist owing to the effects of fiber truncation and spherical aberration. A high coupling efficiency may be obtained for the LD-to-fiber coupling scheme if a hyperbolic lensed fiber is used.
Long-period fiber grating
Mode volume
Fiber Bragg Grating
Plastic-clad silica fiber
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The optical pulse circulation technique is applied to a graded-index polymer-clad silica-core (GI-PCS) fiber at 647-nm wavelength. An optical pulse that circulates a 100-m-long GI-PCS fiber 11 times is successfully observed. Fiber-length dependence of optical pulse spreading is measured for coaxial and off-axis alignment of the test fiber input, and the resultant 3-dB transmission bandwidth is quantitatively evaluated. In order to assess the effect of multimode dispersion in the GI-PCS fiber, an optical pulse that circulates a 110-m-long single-mode fiber (cutoff wavelength of 535 nm) seven times is also observed. The experimental results for both the GI-PCS fiber and single-mode fiber suggest that chromatic dispersion is the main determiner of optical pulse spreading in GI-PCS fiber. This means that the refractive index-profile is almost fully optimized for the GI-PCS fiber examined here.
Zero-dispersion wavelength
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The basic, well-known of the fiber task is to transmit the optical signal along an optical fiber. To achieve this, you should reduce energy losses which result from reflections on the border of core - clad. However, in some cases, the light output can be derived by side surface the fiber. Luminous flux through side surface of optical fiber is realized in many ways. It is possible to change local shape of cylindrical fiber or scattering light on border between core and clad. Side optical fiber with helical spiral core have a different way of side emission. It is the result of controlled scattering inside the optical fiber [1].
Double-clad fiber
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