Design thinking applying nursing educations in Korea: A scoping review
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Objectives This study's purpose was to synthesize the literature on design thinking applying nursing education in Korea. Methods A scoping review was conducted by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology (Tricco et al., 2016) suggested by Arksey와 O’Malley (2005). Literature was searched from RISS, KISS, PubMed, and CINAHL. The 303 articles were identified, and 6 were selected for the final analysis. Two reviewers conducted the process independently. Results The six articles were published between 2018 and 2021. In the literature, ‘d. school’ methodology was a major methodology of design thinking. Also, all studies were experimental researches using pre-experimental design in 5 and the other quasi-experimental design. Empathy, critical thinking, and problem-solving competence were significant variables. Conclusions It is considered that the design thinking methodology is a situation that requires the expansion of research. For the experimental studies, well-designed experiments were needed.Keywords:
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This paper is entitled "Analyzing Students’ Text within Critical Thinking, Critical Literacy, and Appraisal Frameworks: Dangers of Texting while Driving ", where in this paper analyze from a text that has to think critically (critical thinking) and a critical framework (Critical Literacy Framework). Analysis is the process done carefully by dividing the problem with through the technical application of analysis and the application of appropriate knowledge. In Critical thinking is a process that involves mental operations such as induction, deduction, classification, and reasoning. In the process of thinking takes place the events analyzed, criticized, and reached conclusions based on careful inference or consideration (Ibrahim and Nur, 2000). This critical activates the ability to do analysis, as well as identify questions that can be text.Keywords: analysis, critical thinking, critical literacy, appraisal, frameworks
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Empathy has been difficult to sustain and foster in medical training. Based on empirical evidence and intuitive human experience, this paper proposes that empathy can be re-conceptualized as a dynamic reservoir, referred to as an “empathy tank.” Physicians and learners who have personally experienced or received much empathy will naturally have a stronger tendency and greater capacity for empathy than others who have experienced little. These instances of empathy that fill the “empathy tank” can take the form of personal experiences, re-experiencing memories, and vicarious experiences. As this reservoir is filled, the empathy therein can more readily be poured out to others. Thus, all trainees should be educated to recognize first and foremost their personal need for empathy that they share with patients and subsequently seek encounters that highlight these empathic experiences. Three practical implications for educational interventions are discussed: (1) Learners and preceptors should recognize instances in training of perceived inadequacy as opportunities to provide empathy, (2) Interventions should target foundational rather than secondary issues in empathy, and (3) Interventions should enable empathy in learners to be self-sustaining.
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Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to describe the nurse–patient relationships and to study how caring behaviours were described. The review question was: What factors influence the caring relationship between a nurse and patient? Background There is a growing perception that nurses fail to provide compassionate and competent care. Policy documents prescribe compassion as an essential aspect of care; however, the evidence drawn on remains unclear and without clear applications to practice. Design Umbrella review methodology, informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, was employed and adapted to enable the inclusion of systematic reviews that were of sufficient methodological quality. Data sources An extensive PsychInfo, Pubmed, CINAHL , Scopus, WoS and Embase search was conducted for literature published from January 2000 ‐ March 2014. Key words included ‘nurse’, ‘patient’ and ‘relationship’ in combination with index terms to find literature published from 2000 onward. Review methods Critical appraisal, data extraction and synthesis were carried out according to existing guidelines for undertaking umbrella reviews. Results Twelve reviews (representing over 290 studies) were included following critical appraisal. Forty‐seven findings were extracted, resulting in 14 categories and six synthesized findings; ‘Expectations of the relationships’ ‘Values’, ‘Knowledge and skills’, ‘Communication’, ‘Context and environment’ and ‘The impact of the relationship’. Conclusions A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that both patients and nurses have expectations about the nature and importance of the caring relationship. Nurses should be mindful that their behaviours and attitudes need to align with what patients value about the relationship. Context shapes the relationship in positive and negative ways.
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Product teams, including our own, often interpret empathy as evidence. However, in practice, empathy is actually something that drives us to seek evidence. By observing and evaluating various examples within Shopify, we have identified 4 traps that are common in the way empathy is manifested. We modelled the relationship between empathy, problems, evidence, and decisions to provide strategies for how to use empathy effectively while being sympathetic to its limitations. Since empathy drives us to seek evidence, and thus cannot be considered evidence itself, empathy must be used at an appropriate level of abstraction throughout the product decision‐making process in order to influence good decisions.
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Empathy has not been measured in clients’ terms or effectively taught: a review of the literature Empathy, the ability to communicate an understanding of a client’s world, is said to be a crucial component of all helping relationships. The first part of this paper focuses on the failure of measures of empathy to reflect clients’ views about the ability to offer empathy. It is argued that, if clients are able to perceive the amount of empathy in helping relationships, they are able to advise professionals about how to offer empathy. The second part of this paper examines the inconclusive research evidence that existing courses have enabled professionals to offer empathy, and the disagreement about how empathy is best taught. The literature reviewed in this paper substantiates these observations.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this review was to systematically review the qualitative evidence related to the experience of patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to explore the effect it has on their lives. Materials and methods The following databases were searched systemically: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete and the Cochrane database. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse and synthesise the data from the qualitative studies which explored the experience of adult patients with TMD. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool was used to critically appraise the quality of the included studies. Results The search strategies yielded 3588 articles across all databases. A total of 20 articles were eventually included. Six themes were derived: TMD causes uncertainty and doubt, TMD had disruptive effects on life, TMD causes distress, understanding TMD—the illness and the causes, dealing with the pain and aims and hopes. Conclusion The findings highlight the impact TMD could have on the quality of life and confirms the psychological and social challenges these patients experience.
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Aim The aim of this review was to appraise and synthesise the best available evidence on visitation models used in adult intensive care units in acute care hospitals and to explicate their congruence with the core concepts of patient- and family-centred care (PFCC). Methods The review considered both quantitative and qualitative studies on visitation models developed within the PFCC model in adult intensive care units in acute care hospitals. The search strategy sought published and unpublished research papers limited to English for the years 1988 through 2009. An initial search of the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence-Based Nursing and Midwifery, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed's Clinical Inquiry/Find Systematic Review database was conducted, followed by an analysis of key words contained in the title, abstract and index terms. Following this, an extensive three-stage search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, HealthStar, ScienceDirect, Dissertation Abstracts International, DARE, PsycINFO, BioMedCentral, TRIP, Pre-CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, ISI Current Contents, Science.gov, Web of Science/Web of Knowledge, Scirus.com website. Included was a hand search of reference lists of identified papers to capture all pertinent material as well as a search of relevant worldwide websites and search engines, such as Google Scholar and the Virginia Henderson Library of Sigma Theta Tau International. Each paper was assessed independently by two reviewers for methodological quality prior to inclusion in the review using the appropriate critical appraisal instrument. Results Findings from the qualitative studies were extracted and a synthesis conducted using the QARI (Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument) software developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. One synthesis revealed that visiting hours were seen as guidelines for the benefit of nurse and patient, rather than rules or policy. Due to the various types of designs in the available studies, it was not possible to pool quantitative research study results into a statistical meta-analysis. Because statistical pooling was not possible, the findings are presented in a narrative form. Following this, results are presented for their congruence with the principles of PFCC. Conclusion Flexible visiting policies provide the ability to incorporate the concepts of PFCC into practice. However, nurses believe that while visiting is beneficial to patients, open and/or flexible visiting hours are an impediment to practice and increase their workload. Recommendations for best practice were formulated based on the outcomes and include visiting hours should be used as guidelines, not rules, that allow flexibility dependent upon individual patient/family situation. With regard to congruence with PFCC, patient and family requests for information emerged as an unmet need that needs to be addressed.
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سابقه و هدف : امروزه ارتباط و درک متقابل میان بیمار و فرد ارائه دهنده مراقبتهای سلامت در مشاغل حوزه سلامت و به خصوص در دندانپزشکی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.یکی از اجزای این ارتباط موثر و درک متقابل توانایی نشان دادن empathy است.empathy نقش مهمی در رابطه پزشک با بیمار و رضایت وی دارد و نتایج مثبت حاصل از روند درمان را افزایش میدهد.مطالعات نشان میدهد دانشجویانی که میزان empathy در آنها بالاتر است، در کارهای کلینیکی بهتر عمل میکنند. نتایج حاصل از بررسی empathy میان دانشجویان، مسئولین را قادر میسازد که با انجام تغییرات در برنامه های درسی، میزان آن را در دوران تحصیل افزایش دهند. از اینرو هدف این مطالعه، مرور مقالاتی است که میزان empathy را درمیان دانشجویان رشته های علوم پزشکی بررسی کردهاند.. مواد و روشها: در مطالعه مروری حاضر جستجو در PubMed و با استفاده از کلید واژههای “empathy” ،“ health professions” “dentistry students” و “medical students” در مقالههای انگلیسی از سال 2014-2004 انجام گرفت. یافته ها: در نهایت متن کامل 10 مقاله براساس معیارهای ورود انجام بر روی دانشجویان علوم پزشکی و بررسی کمی میزان empathy، انتخاب گردید. در بیشتر این مطالعات از پرسشنامه های Jefferson Scale Of Physician Empathy (JSPE) برای ارزیابی empathy استفاده شده بود. در اکثر مطالعات انجام شده میزان empathy در خانمها بیشتر از آقایان بود. همچنین مشاهده شد که در اکثر دانشگاهها میزان empathy در دوران تحصیل کاهش مییابد که این مورد تا حدی به برنامه آموزشی در دانشگاه بستگی دارد. نتیجه گیری : به نظر میرسد بررسی هر برنامه آموزشی مرتبط با دانشجویان حوزه سلامت نیاز به ارزیابی میزان empathy داشته باشد تا تدابیر لازم جهت حفظ یا بهبود آن از طریق تغییر و تصحیح برنامه آموزشی امکان پذیر گردد.
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This article proposes a new holistic conceptualization of empathy for nursing practice that allows different aspects of the literature to be understood. This study is based on the data of a doctoral study exploring the nature of empathy on an oncology ward. The findings revealed that empathy is not a single phenomenon. Four different forms of empathy were identified, namely, empathy as an incident, empathy as a way of knowing, empathy as a process, and empathy as a way of being. These different forms of empathy can be understood in terms of a continuum of empathy development and suggest a new way of conceptualizing empathy that can be depicted diagrammatically.
Phenomenon
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