Contact-Piezoelectric Bi-Catalysis of an Electrospun ZnO@PVDF Composite Membrane for Dye Decomposition
Buwen JiangXiaoxuan XueZuxiang MuHaoyuan ZhangFeng LiKai LiuWenqian WangYongfei ZhangWenhui LiChao YangKewei Zhang
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The treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater is becoming a great challenge for social development. Herein, a novel contact-piezoelectric bi-catalysis of a ZnO@ PVDF composite membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology. The obtained ZnO@PVDF composite membranes is superior to the pure PVDF membrane in decomposing methyl orange (MO) under ultrasonication at room temperature, which is mainly attributed to the synergy effect of the contact-electro-catalysis of dielectric PVDF, as well as the piezoelectric catalysis of tetrapodal ZnO and the β-phase of PVDF. The heterostructure of the piezoelectric-ZnO@dielectric-PVDF composite is beneficial in reducing the electron/hole pair recombination. As compared to the pure PVDF membrane, the catalytic degradation efficiency of the ZnO@PVDF composite membrane was improved by 444.23% under ultrasonication. Moreover, the reusability and stability of the composite membrane are comparable to those of the traditional powdered catalyst. This work offers a promising strategy for improving the pollutant degradation by combining contact-electro-catalysis with piezoelectric catalysis.Keywords:
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Methyl orange
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We demonstrate the use of novel type of sonication method, focused sonication, with added advantages over bath and probe type of sonication for the dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Di-chloro benzene was used as the solvent for dispersion of SWNT. Results from focused sonication and bath sonication were compared and found that focused sonication results in better dispersion. Also Raman spectroscopy was analysed to ascertain if focused sonication causes any damage to the tubes and it was found that there was no damage to the SWNT. We believe that with the added advantages like in-situ temperature control and large sample volume processing, focused sonication would prove to be the most proficient method of sonication for dispersion of nanoparticles.
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Abstract Poly(hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was electrospun into ultrafine fibrous nonwoven mats. Different from the conventional electrospinning process, which involves a positively charged conductive needle and a grounded fiber collector (i.e., positive voltage (PV) electrospinning), pseudo‐negative voltage (NV) electrospinning, which adopted a setup such that the needle was grounded and the fiber collector was positively charged, was investigated for making ultrafine PHBV fibers. For pseudo‐NV electrospinning, the effects of various electrospinning parameters on fiber morphology and diameter were assessed systematically. The average diameters of PHBV fibers electrospun via pseudo‐NVs were compared with those of PHBV fibers electrospun via PVs. With either PV electrospinning or pseudo‐NV electrospinning, the average diameters of electrospun fibers ranged between 500 nm and 4 μm, and they could be controlled by varying the electrospinning parameters. The scientific significance and technological implication of fiber formation by PV electrospinning and pseudo‐NV electrospinning in the field of tissue engineering were discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
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As the first step of studies related to production of chitooligosaccharides by physical methods, chitosan solution were sonicated with 20 kHz and various treatment effects were examined to present fundamental data of sonicated chitosan solution. Intrinsic viscosity of chitosan solution sharply decreased from 3.76 dl/g to 2.90 dl/g until 5 minutes of sonication and then slowly decreased. With low volume of chitosan solution, sonication was very effective and temperature of chitosan solution slightly affected the efficiency of sonication. In case of changing the solvent, no significant differences were observed on the effect of sonication, however, acetate buffer had highest sonication effect among various solvents. The sonication effect was increased as the increasement of the value of pH, on the contrary, ionic strength and type of counterions showed no effect on sonication. With these results, we assumed that optimal sonication treatment would be as follows, solution volume was , temperature range was , pH value of solution was 4.5 and type of solvent was acetate buffer.
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It is well known that electrospinning is a convenient method of fabricating polymeric nanofiber with a high surface area. Despite the convenience, electrospinning has not been used in practical applications because it has a lower production rate than conventional spinning methods. The lower production rate is caused by the electrospinning solution supplier. Many fabrication methods have been invented to overcome this limitation. For instance, multineedle electrospinning is the easiest way to increase the electrospinning production rate. However, although multineedle electrospinning increases the production rate, the method causes the morphological destruction of electrospun nanofiber because of electrical interference between needles. Herein, we introduce a new fabrication method for mass production of nanofiber based on the electrospinning process. Needleless electrospinning and syringeless electrospinning are introduced in this section. Particularly, the syringeless electrospinning contributes to the green electrospinning because the water-based polymeric solution can be easily used for material. In addition, the basic mechanism and driving force of the processes is also introduced. Furthermore, a way to increase the electrospinning production rate is discussed.
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Injectable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) carries the risk of nodule or microlump formation. Various methods including sonication have been tried to minimize these adverse effects of PLLA.This study investigated the change in size, distribution, and properties of PLLA particles after sonication, and the duration of sonication needed to reach the ideal particle size.Two indicators, the average size of PLLA particles and diameter at 90%, were measured at each timepoint: at 0, 10, 60, 120, and 240 minutes of sonication. The characteristics and particle shape were assessed at 0 and 240 minutes.The average particle size and the diameter at 90% decreased drastically until 10 minutes of sonication and then increased slightly at 60 minutes. After 60 minutes, the average size and the diameter at 90% gradually decreased over time and reached 42.2 μm and 75.7 μm, respectively, at 120 minutes. After 240 minutes of sonication, the average particle size was 35.9 μm, much smaller than the smallest proper size required (40 μm). Standard deviation decreased gradually over time, which means that a more even distribution was obtained. Crystalline remnants were significantly less left with 120 minutes sonication compared to those with 120 minutes hydration only. PLLA particles were more cracked at the center, and microcrystals were more loosely distributed at the periphery after 120 minutes sonication.Sonication help reduce the average size of PLLA particles and achieve more even distribution. Therefore, we believe sonication may attribute to the safer use of PLLA.
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一半顺序的重新组合离子的自我补充肽 CH3CO-Pro-Ser-Phe-Cys-Phe-Lys-Phe-Glu-Pro-NH2 被报导，它能进稳定的 nanofibers 自我装配、形成 hydrogel 由组成 >99% 水。在这研究， nanofiber 支架是由超声的房间 disruptor 的 sonicated。sonication 的效果被通报检测二色性(CD ) ，原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) ，和流变学。AFM 图象说明了 sonicated 碎裂，这能快速重新集合进 nanofibers，当形态学从原来的是可区分的时。CD 光谱表明变换主要在常规海滨之间发生了结构和弄歪的海滨结构。Rheological 分析证明在在 sonication 以后的第 7 天的肽解决方案的存储模量(G) 在 sonication 前与解决方案的值相比在将近 40% 减少了。最后，一个嘴巧的变换模型被建议解释重新组合过程。
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PMMA 的 melt electrospinning 被调查。因此获得的平均纤维直径被增加 di-(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate 减少熔融的 PMMA 的粘性从 34.0 渭 m 归结为 19.7 渭 m，并且它进一步降低了当一个 KCl/ice-water 答案被用作收集媒介时，击倒渭 m 到 4.0。做通过的 PMMA 纤维上的比较研究融化 electrospinning 并且由答案 electrospinning 做被做。答案 electrospinning 能够至于一种纳米尺寸作为小制作很薄的纤维，这被发现，但是比 melt-electrospinning 导致了一个宽得多的纤维直径范围。一般来说，在某程度以内，在收集距离的添加剂或减少的应用电压和数量的增加能产生一条减少的纤维直径并且为 PMMA 纤维改进机械性能由融化 electrospinning。通过 melt-electrospinning 做的 PMMA 纤维的机械性质比由答案 elctropspinning 的那些优异，这也被显示。关键词 PMMA - Melt-electrospinning - 这个工作部分是的答案 electrospinning 财政上由中国(号码 50773054 ) 的国家自然科学基础支持了。
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본 연구에서는 단일 초음파 조사와 두 개의 저강도 초음파의 중첩 조사 시 발생하는 가열 특성을 평가하였다. 비교결과 단일 조사 조건보다 중첩 조사에서 보다 우수한 온열 효과를 보였으며 최대 상승 온도도 120-150% 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 초음파 조사에 의한 가열 개시 시간이 중첩 조사에서 짧아지며, 최대 가열 온도까지 소요되는 시간 역시 짧아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 초음파 조사 강도가 커지면 매질의 표면 손상을 유발하는데, 저강도 중첩조사의 경우 표면의 손상없이 동일한 온도 상승 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 초음파 치료 시 적용 강도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각되었으며, 저강도 초음파를 사용함으로써 보다 안전하고 효율적인 초음파 치료가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, we evaluated the heating characteristics of single sonication and superposed two low-intensity ultrasonic sonication. Compare the results, the superposed sonication was showed a superior thermal effect than single sonication. And the maximum temperature was increased as 120-150%. The starting time of temperature rising has been shortened in superposed sonication. In addition, the time up to the maximum temperature has been shortened, too. In generally, as the ultrasonic intensity is higher, the more surface damage is occurred. However, in the case of superposed sonication, the same thermal effect had be confirmed without surface damage. Through the results of the study, we thought that the superposed sonication will be able to reduce the intensity of the ultrasonic treatment. And, by using the low-intensity, the more safe and more effect therapy will be possible in therapeutic ultrasound application.
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