Radiative anti-parity-time plasmonics
Yumeng YangXinrong XieYuanzhen LiZijian ZhangYiwei PengChi WangEr‐Ping LiYing LiHongsheng ChenFei Gao
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Space and guided electromagnetic waves, as widely known, are two crucial cornerstones in extensive wireless and integrated applications respectively. To harness the two cornerstones, radiative and integrated devices are usually developed in parallel based on the same physical principles. An emerging mechanism, i.e., anti-parity-time (APT) symmetry originated from non-Hermitian quantum mechanics, has led to fruitful phenomena in harnessing guided waves. However, it is still absent in harnessing space waves. Here, we propose a radiative plasmonic APT design to harness space waves, and experimentally demonstrate it with subwavelength designer-plasmonic structures. We observe two exotic phenomena unrealized previously. Rotating polarizations of incident space waves, we realize polarization-controlled APT phase transition. Tuning incidence angles, we observe multi-stage APT phase transition in higher-order APT systems, constructed by using the scalability of leaky-wave couplings. Our scheme shows promise in demonstrating novel APT physics, and constructing APT-symmetry-empowered radiative devices.Keywords:
Parity (physics)
Metamaterials are artificial structures that are designed to exhibit specific electromagnetic properties required for different applications but not commonly found in nature.The methodology of synthesizing materials composed of micro-and nano-structured components that mimic the electromagnetic response of individual atoms and molecules (meta-atoms and meta-molecules) has proven to be very productive and resulted in the development of metamaterials exhibiting strong magnetic response at microwave and optical frequencies and so-called left-handed metamaterials (LHMs) (both impossible in conventional real-world materials).LHMs are designed to exhibit simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability (Veselago, 1968;Engheta & Ziolkowski, 2006).In 2000, Smith et al. developed the first experimental left-handed structure, which was composed of metallic split-ring resonators and thin metal wires (Smith et. al., 2000;Shelby et. al., 2001).An alternative transmission line approach for left-handed materials was proposed, almost simultaneously, by several different groups (Belyantsev & Kozyrev, 2002; Caloz & Itoh, 2002;Iyer & Eleftheriades, 2002).This approach, based on nonresonant components, allows for low-loss left-handed structures with broad bandwidth.The unique electrodynamic properties of these materials, first postulated by Veselago in 1968, include the reversal of Snell's law, the Doppler effect, Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation, and negative refractive index, making theses materials attractive for new types of RF and microwave components.The range of applications for LHMs is extensive, and opportunities abound for development of new and powerful imaging and communication techniques.The most tantalizing of these potential applications is the possibility of realizing "perfect" (diffraction-free) lenses based on their inherent negative index of refraction (Pendry, 2000).The slab of LHM can act as an ideal (diffractionfree) lens and thus capable of producing images of objects without any loss of information which is impossible with conventional lenses.Most studies of LHMs have been concerned with linear wave propagation, and have inspired many applications that were unthinkable in the past (Engheta & Ziolkowski, 2006;
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Metamaterials, artificial composite structures with exotic material properties, have emerged as a new frontier of science involving physics, material science, engineering and chemistry. This critical review focuses on the fundamentals, recent progresses and future directions in the research of electromagnetic metamaterials. An introduction to metamaterials followed by a detailed elaboration on how to design unprecedented electromagnetic properties of metamaterials is presented. A number of intriguing phenomena and applications associated with metamaterials are discussed, including negative refraction, sub-diffraction-limited imaging, strong optical activities in chiral metamaterials, interaction of meta-atoms and transformation optics. Finally, we offer an outlook on future directions of metamaterials research including but not limited to three-dimensional optical metamaterials, nonlinear metamaterials and "quantum" perspectives of metamaterials (142 references).
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We present two recent advances in the area of electromagnetic metamaterials. The first is the development of 2D transmission-line (TL) based metamaterials with arbitrary tensorial effective material parameters. These new metamaterials are distinct from earlier TL metamaterials which were limited to having effective material parameters that are diagonal in the Cartesian basis. The second advance is the development of a 3D isotropic negative refractive index metamaterial. The volumetric metamaterial exhibits an isotropic response for all polarizations and angles of incidence.
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Single negative metamaterials have been deliberated on in this chapter along with their properties and potential applications. Left-handed metamaterials, which have negative refractive indices and are used in microwave and optical range structures are rereviewed. This chapter demonstrates the presence of an acoustical metamaterial with a negative effective density and bulk modulus, demonstrating that it is an effective medium in the most precise sense. For those unfamiliar, negative-index materials (NIMs) are a subset of metamaterials distinguished by an effective negative index, which results in peculiar wave phenomena, such as reverse negative refraction. We examined how metamaterials respond to electromagnetic behavior, these are manufactured media are manufactured materials that differ from those of their components. We also have discussed the history of negative index materials, the primary design approaches, and some potential applications, such as sub-wavelength resonant cavities. Several real-world applications of microwave technology are also analyzed. The most promising possibilities for future metamaterials study are highlighted.
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This book will cover the recent advances and applications in metamaterials. It begins by presenting the fundamental concepts of metamaterials, including characterization. The book then moves on to discuss microwave metamaterial sensors, metamaterial absorbers in microwave range, metamaterial absorbers in high frequencies, energy harvesting application of metamaterials, seismic metamaterial, artificial intelligence applications in metamaterial antennas, frequency selective surfaces in metamaterials, metasurfaces, and biomedical applications of metamaterials. In all sections, the design procedure of artificial materials and the evaluation of constitutive parameters and related parameters including how they affect results, will be explained. Novel worked examples will be carried out in each chapter. Key features • Presents an extensive guide for the common applications of metamaterials. • Explains key points in the design and analysis of metamaterials. • Includes comprehensive examples of metamaterial applications. • Provides case studies, worked examples, end of chapter summaries.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Metamaterials Background RF LC Metamaterials RF Tunable "Meta-Surfaces" with LCs LC Tuning of Meta-Atoms Optical Metamaterials with LCs LC Interaction with Plasmonic Metamaterial Structures Liquid Crystals in Self-Assembled Metamaterials Chiral Metamaterials Conclusion Outlook References
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The recent burst of R&D activity in Plasmonics, associated with the possibility of materials nanostructuring which enables the access to metamaterials, has been strongly impacting many branches of optics such as imaging, data recording and sensing. This talk details the factors that turned the combination Plasmonics and Metamaterials a huge opportunity to optical sensing.
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