Effect of in vitro starvation on the response of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy
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Restricted diet
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Limited evidence suggests that inherited predisposing risk variants might affect the disease outcome. In this study, we analyzed the effect of genome-wide association studies—identified breast cancer-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms on survival of early-stage breast cancer patients in a Chinese population. This retrospective study investigated the relationship between 21 GWAS-identified breast cancer-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms and the outcome of 1177 early stage breast cancer patients with a long median follow-up time of 174 months. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Primary endpoints were breast cancer special survival and overall survival while secondary endpoints were invasive disease free survival and distant disease free survival. Multivariate survival analysis showed only the rs2046210 GA genotype significantly decreased the risk of recurrence and death for early stage breast cancer. After grouping breast cancer subtypes, significantly reduced survival was associated with the variant alleles of rs9485372 for luminal A and rs4415084 for triple negative breast cancer. Importantly, all three single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs889312, rs4951011 and rs9485372 had remarkable effects on survival of luminal B EBC, either individually or synergistically. Furthermore, statistically significant multiplicative interactions were found between rs4415084 and age at diagnosis and between rs3803662 and tumor grade. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer risk susceptibility loci identified by GWAS may influence the outcome of early stage breast cancer patients’ depending on intrinsic tumor subtypes in Chinese women.
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Hucho tajmen juveniles were disposed with the starvation for 7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d,then resumed to refeed for 49 d,42 d,35 d and 28 d respectively.The effects of starvation and refeeding on the physiological and biochemical indices of the blood of H.tajmen juveniles were studied in this experiment.Results were revealed as following:The numbers of the red cell,white cell and the hemoglobin increased obviously(P0.05)after starvation for 14 d and then decreased after starvation for 21 d.The serum glucose levels decreased sharply(P0.05)after starvation for 7 d and then kept stably.The concentration of total protein,albumin and globin decreased significantly after starvation for 21 d,28 d and 7 d respectively.The serum triglyceride and the total cholesterol decreased sharply(P0.05)after starvation for 7 d and 14 d.The ALT and AST decreased significantly(P0.05)after starvation for 14 d.The AKP decreased significantly(P0.05)after starvation for 7 d.The concentrations of Na+ and Cl-decreased significantly(P0.05)after starvation for 7 d,then increased significantly(P0.05)again after starvation for 14 d.The concentration of Ca2+ increased sharply(P0.05)after starvation for 14 d,then decreased significantly(P0.05)after starvation for 28 d.The concentration of K+ increased after starvation,but there were no differences among the groups.After re-feeding,the blood indices all recovered with different dedree.
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An audit of pre-operative starvation at Huddersfield Royal Infirmary has been undertaken. It shows that both adults and children are starved for significantly longer than the hospital's official starvation policy requires. The mean starvation time for children was almost 10 h, which is longer than the 8 h required before hypoglycaemia becomes a risk. A review of the literature suggests that only 3 h of fluid withdrawal is necessary. Possible ways to improve pre-operative starvation regimens are discussed.
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【Objective】The cell cycle of BFF treated by different starvation methods and starvation time was examined. 【Methods】BFF was treated with serum direct starvation or gradient starvation. 【Results】It showed that treatment of BFF with serum direct starvation or gradient starvation resulted in a significant increasing in percentage of cells arrested at G0/G1 stage in comparision with that of control group (P 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the serum direct starvation and gradient starvation groups. When BFF was treated with serum direct starvation for 3 d,the percentage of cells in G0/G1 stage are significantly higher than that of 0,1,2 and 6 d (P 0.05).【Conclusion】BFF treated with serum direct starvation or gradient starvation can efficiently arrest them at G0/ G1 stage,and the optimum duration of serum starvation is 3 d.
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Starvation results from inadequate intake of macronutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates). It may be partial or complete. In fasting, all food energy is excluded, whereas in semi-starvation insufficient energy and protein are ingested. Human starvation and semi-starvation result from
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Abstract Breast cancer is a frequent female malignant tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. Peroxidasin like (PXDNL) has many biological functions, including characteristic activity of hormone biosynthesis, host defense, and cell motility. In addition, PXDNL is closely connected with the progression of breast cancer. In this study, we found that PXDNL may be an independent prognostic biomarker of breast cancer. We tested the mRNA expression of PXDNL in breast cancer by detecting The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate clinical correlation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate diagnosis potential in breast cancer. Subsequently, survival analyses were performed to identify the relevance between the expression of PXDNL and the overall survival/relapse-free survival of patients with breast cancer. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression model was executed to detect risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. PXDNL is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and is related to survival status of patients. The ROC curve showed that PXDNL had beneficial diagnostic ability in breast cancer. Survival analysis indicated that patients with breast cancer with high PXDNL expression generally had decreased overall survival/relapse-free survival. Univariate/multivariate Cox model analyses further suggested an association between PXDNL expression and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. High PXDNL expression is a potential and independent prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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This paper studies the dynamic changes of neuroendcrinous function during chronic intermittent starvation in rats and compares it with the result of acute starvation. The data shows that chronic intermittent starvation causes an elevation in pituitary weight per 100g body weight and no significant changes are found in accessory sex organs ,the changes can return to normal rapidly after refeeding. In chronic intermittent starvation, pituitary PRL and blood PRL show no significant changes, induced PRL serection is attenuated. A significant difference is revealed between chronic starvation and acute starvation. Although the body weight drops in the same degree during the above two kinds of starvation, various ways and periods of starvation can cause different changes in neuroendocrinous function.
Starvation response
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영양분의 제한공급은 인체에 큰 스트레스중의 하나로서, 분자수준의 유전자발현과 생리기능에 영향을 미친다. 영양고갈-스트레스 동안에 일어나는 세포반응을 이해하는 것은 다이어트를 실시할 때에 일어나는 부작용을 최소화할 수 있는 실마리를 제공해준다. Got1 유전자의 발현은 starvation 1시간부터 발현이 증가하다가 24시간에서 정상상태로 돌아왔다. Mat1 유전자의 발현은 starvation 1시간부터 24시간까지 지속적으로 발현이 증가하였다. Rat를 1-3일간 starvation에 의해서는 Got1 유전자의 발현은 큰 변화를 보이지 않았지만, Mat1 유전자의 발현은 cerebral cortex에서 현저하게 줄어드는 반면에 cerebellum과 lung에서는 1-2일간의 starvation에 의해서 유전자 발현이 증가하다가 3일째는 발현이 줄어들었다. Heart에서는 starvation에 의해서 유전자 발현이 관찰되지 않을 정도로 줄어들었다. 간헐 starvation (2일간 starvation 군과 2일간 starvation후 1일간 먹이를 공급한 것과 2일간 starvation + 1일간 먹이를 공급 + 2일간 starvation 군)으로 나누었다. Got1 유전자의 발현은 lung에서만 starvation 후 1일간 먹이를 공급한 군에서 아주 강한 발현을 보였다. liver의 경우는 2일 간 starvation 군과 2일간 starvation후 1일간 먹이를 공급한 군에서 발현이 약해진 후 2일간 starvation + 1일간 먹이를 공급 + 2일간 starvation 군에서 강한 발현을 보였다. Muscle에서는 starvation 시작과 동시에 발현이 현저히 감소 후 2일간 starvation후 1일간 먹이를 공급하면 정상상태로 돌아왔다. Mat1 유전자는 의미 있는 발현 변화가 없었다. Got1 유전자 발현은 ♂의 경우 NaCl 공급에 의해서 lung에서는 강한 발현을 보이고 thymus에서는 감소하였고 나머지에서는 뚜렷한 발현 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. ♀의 경우는 물 공급 보다가 NaCl 공급에 의해서 모두 약한 발현 양상을 보였다. Mat1 유전자의 발현은 ♂의 경우 NaCl 공급에 의해서 lung, kidney, muscle에서 약하지만 상승 발현이 관찰되었다. ♀의 경우는 NaCl 공급에 의해서 상승 발현 하는 것이 관찰되지 않았다. Restricted supply of nutrients may affect genes at the molecular level as well as physiological functions. Understanding the cellular responses during starvation is necessary for developing strategies to reduce damage caused by starvation stress. After 1 h of starvation, Got1 gene expression was increased but its expression returned to the normal state after 24 h. Mat1 gene expression continuously increased with starvation from 1 h until 24 hr. Rats starved for 1-3 days showed significant changes in expression of the Got1 and Mat1 genes, which were significantly reduced in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. In the lung, gene expression was increased by starvation for 1-2 days but decreased on the third day. No differences were observed in gene expression in the heart. Strong Got1 lung gene expression was seen in the starvation group one day after restoration of the food supply. Muscle mass was significantly reduced at the start of starvation and remained the same after two days of starvation and one day after the food supply was restored. The Mat1 gene expression did not change. The Got1 was induced by NaCl and showed strong expression in the lung and the thymus, but the apparent decrease of the remaining changes were not observed in male rats. The Mat1 gene was not as sensitive as the Got1 gene to induction by NaCl. However, differences in gene induction by NaCl were evident between males and females, indicating that diet control of gene expression is associated with hormones.
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