Decorin Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Orie AdachiHideki SugiiTomohiro ItoyamaShoko FujinoHiroshi KanekoAtsushi TomokiyoSayuri HamanoDaigaku HasegawaJunko ObataShinichiro YoshidaMasataka KadowakiRisa SugiuraMhd Safwan AlboughaHidefumi Maeda
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The aim of this study is to clarify the biological functions of decorin (DCN) in the healing and regeneration of wounded periodontal tissue. We investigated the expression pattern of DCN during the healing of wounded periodontal tissue in rats by immunohistochemistry and the effects of DCN on the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells (HPDLSCs) and preosteoblasts by Alizarin red S staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, and western blotting. The expression of DCN was increased around the wounded PDL tissue on day 5 after surgery compared with the nonwounded PDL tissue, whereas its expression was not changed in the osteoblastic layer around the wounded alveolar bone. Furthermore, DCN promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of HPDLSCs, but it did not affect the osteoblastic differentiation of preosteoblasts. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was upregulated during the DCN-induced osteoblastic differentiation of HPDLSCs. DCN did not affect proliferation, migration, or the PDL-related gene expression of HPDLSCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that DCN has a role in the healing of wounded periodontal tissue. Furthermore, DCN secreted from PDL cells may contribute to bone healing by upregulating osteoblastic differentiation through ERK1/2 signaling in HPDLSCs, indicating a therapeutic effect of DCN in periodontal tissue regeneration.Keywords:
Periodontal fiber
To study the distribution and expression of fibromodulin, decorin and biglycan in developing normal periodontal tissues, so as to understand its role in periodontal tissue formation.Thirty six BALB/c mice in different developing stages were killed and their bilateral mandibular first molars with surrounding alveolar bones and gingival tissues were taken out, Power Vision two steps immunohistochemical method with anti-fibromodulin, anti-decorin and anti-biglycan was used to detect the tissue distribution and cellular localization of fibromodulin and related proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan.Fibromodulin was strongly expressed in the subcutaneous gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament, mainly in gingival and periodontal fibroblasts as well as their matrices. Strong expression was also noted in the area close to the interfaces of periodontal ligament-alveolar bone and periodontal ligament-cementum. Decorin was strongly expressed in the area of gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament and the surface of alveolar bone, while biglycan was stained evidently in gingival connective tissue throughout the period of investigation, but negative in the surface of alveolar bone and osteoblasts.Fibromodulin may interact with decorin and biglycan to regulate the network formation of gingival connective tissues and periodontal collagen fibers, and may be involved in mineralization of the alveolar bone and cementum.
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The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an essential fibrous tissue for tooth retention in the alveolar bone socket. PDL tissue further functions to cushion occlusal force, maintain alveolar bone height, allow orthodontic tooth movement, and connect tooth roots with bone. Severe periodontitis, deep caries, and trauma cause irreversible damage to this tissue, eventually leading to tooth loss through the destruction of tooth retention. Many patients suffer from these diseases worldwide, and its prevalence increases with age. To address this issue, regenerative medicine for damaged PDL tissue as well as the surrounding tissues has been extensively investigated regarding the potential and effectiveness of stem cells, scaffolds, and cytokines as well as their combined applications. In particular, PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) have been well studied. In this review, I discuss comprehensive studies on PDLSCs performed in vivo and contemporary reports focusing on the acquisition of large numbers of PDLSCs for therapeutic applications because of the very small number of PDLSCs available in vivo.
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Periodontal ligament stem cell which can differentiate into osteoblasts, cementoblast-like cells, adipo-cytes, and collagen-forming cells is a new kind of seeds cell in periodontal tissue regeneration. Here we reported the research progress of periodontal ligament stem cells in biological characteristic, multi-directional differentiation, transplantation and its potential application in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Periodontium is the rally of soft and hard tissues, which will be devastated continuously by the compromise of periodontitis. Current periodontal therapeutic methods cannot effectively reconstruct periodontal ligament (PDL), which is oriented at an angle with tooth root and combined hard tissues to form cementum-PDL-alveolar bone complex. Hence, it is urgent to find new techniques for PDL reconstruction to achieve functional regeneration of periodontium. Herein, we developed a novel method to manipulate the distribution and growth of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) by utilizing highly paralleled static magnetic field (SMF) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). PDLSCs were incubated with MNPs
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Background: Loss of occlusal function has been reported to induce atrophic changes in the periodontal ligament. It is likely that mechanical stress triggers the biological response of periodontal ligament. However, there have been few reports studying the correlation between mechanical stress of varying magnitude and periodontal ligament cell activities such as extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Objective: The objective of this study is to clarify the influence of the mechanical stress on changes in mRNA expression levels of type I collagen and decorin genes, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in response to mechanical stress of varying magnitude. Methods: Bovine periodontal ligament cells were cultured on flexible‐bottomed culture plates and placed on the BioFlex Loading Stations™. Cells were elongated at 6 cycles/min (5 s on and 5 s off) at each of six levels of stretch (0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 10, 18% increase in the surface area of the bottom) for 48 h. We measured mRNA expression levels of type I collagen and decorin genes using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), and ALP activity in periodontal ligament cell culture under cyclic mechanical stretching. Results: Mechanical tensional stress of low magnitude induced the increase of both type I collagen and decorin mRNA expression without changing ALP activity in periodontal ligament cells. Mechanical tensional stress of high magnitude induced the increase of type I collagen and decorin mRNA expression while decreasing ALP activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that different magnitude of tensional force induces different responses from periodontal ligament cells, and that mechanical stress plays an important role in remodeling and functional regulation of periodontal ligament.
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EphrinB2, a membrane protein regulating bone homeostasis, has been demonstrated to induce osteogenic gene expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ephrinB2 on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and on alveolar bone regeneration in vivo. We assessed the osteogenic gene expression and osteogenic differentiation potential of ephrinB2-modified human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells, in which ephrinB2 expression was upregulated via lentiviral vector transduction. EphrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells combined with PuraMatrix were delivered to critical-sized alveolar bone defects in beagles to evaluate bone regeneration. Results showed that ephrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic gene transcription and mineral deposition in both human and canine periodontal ligament stem cells. Animal experiments confirmed that ephrinB2-modified canine periodontal ligament stem cells + PuraMatrix resulted in greater trabecular bone volume per tissue volume and trabecular thickness compared with other groups. Our study demonstrated that ephrinB2 promoted osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and alveolar bone repair in beagles, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of alveolar bone damage.
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Objective To understand the expression changes of osteocalcin in human periodontal ligament cells under induction of emdogain(EMD).Methods Cultured human periodontal ligament cell populations(hPDLPs) were exposed to the conditioned culture media containing 100 mg/L EMD for six days.Expression of osteocalcin was detected by immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase chain reaction.Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that yellow or brown granules in the cell cytoplasm were visited in the experimental group and the control group hPDLPs;the average optical density value of OCN in the experimental group hPDLPs was 0.172 43±0.014 85,and that was 0.167 01±0.017 03 in the control group hPDLPs,there was not statistically significant between the two groups(t=0.757,P=0.459).Real time polymerase chain reaction showed that the relative expression of osteocalcin is 1.13 times in the experiment group,compared to the control group.Conclusion The expression of osteocalcin in human periodontal ligament cells induced was not affected by EMD.
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Objective: To observe the expression of osteocalcin in periodontal ligament cells culturedon commerciallypure titanium (cpTi). Methods: cpTi discs cultured with periodontal ligament cells were collected at 8,16 and 24 daysfor immunoflourence staining of osteocalcin. Results: Periodontal ligament cells cultuered on cpTi formed mineralizingmultilayer which intensely expressed osteocalcin. Conclusion: Periodontal ligament cells cultured on cpTi were inclinedto differentiate to osteoblast-like cells.
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The periodontal ligament (PDL) is an essential fibrous tissue for tooth retention in the alveolar bone socket. PDL tissue further functions to cushion occlusal force, maintain alveolar bone height, allow orthodontic tooth movement, and connect tooth roots with bone. Severe periodontitis, deep caries, and trauma cause irreversible damage to this tissue, eventually leading to tooth loss through the destruction of tooth retention. Many patients suffer from these diseases worldwide, and its prevalence increases with age. To address this issue, regenerative medicine for damaged PDL tissue as well as the surrounding tissues has been extensively investigated regarding the potential and effectiveness of stem cells, scaffolds, and cytokines as well as their combined applications. In particular, PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) have been well studied. In this review, I discuss comprehensive studies on PDLSCs performed in vivo and contemporary reports focusing on the acquisition of large numbers of PDLSCs for therapeutic applications because of the very small number of PDLSCs available in vivo.
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