Calix[n]arene-Based Coordination Cage and Its Application to Electrocatalysis
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The calixarene-based ligand—4-tert-butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene has the capacity of coordinating with various metal cations either individually by itself or together with various carboxylate/thiol-containing coligands. Interestingly, different types of metal cations, various counterions and variable solvents not only generated diverse coordinated cages with special morphology and topology, but also provided a tool in controlling their various porosities, hierarchical architectures, and physiochemical properties. Particularly, those calixarene-based coordinated cages with different porous structures, properly sized hierarchical cage/cavity-like spaces, as well as selected active elemental components greatly promoted applications to electrocatalytic reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction. In this chapter, we not only summarized and discussed the preparation of calixarene-based coordinated cages and their applications to electrocatalysis, but also provided academic and industrial concerns and suggestions in future researches.Keywords:
Calixarene
Carboxylate
Cage
Calixarene
Structural isomer
Sulfonic acid
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A bifunctional luminescent Eu-MOF can be applied as a highly selective and sensitive bifunctional luminescence sensor to detect NB and 4-AP through an energy competition mechanism with low detection limits of 5–70 ppm and 5–110 ppm, respectively.
Nitrobenzene
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Luminescent Measurements
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The review consists of two parts.In the first part applications of calixarenes as sensors are described, paying attention to sensors of metal ions.The second part is concerned with other special applications of calixarenes.
Calixarene
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Calixarenes Solid State Complexation by Calixarenes Complexation in Solution Calixarenes as Molecular Scaffolds Outlook References
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This paper describes a detailed study on the complexation of pyridinium derivatives with calixarenes bound to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The studied calixarene derivatives are mixed with alkanethiols to form mixed monolayers on AuNP surfaces. The key findings are: (i) even a small amount (less than 11 mol%) of calixarenes can retain their complexation abilities among a majority of alkanethiols in a mixed monolayer, showing that it is possible to dilute the active calixarene (and possibly other receptors) in gold surfaces, (ii) the chain length of the alkanethiol compared with the calixarene spacer length can be used to fine tune the complexation ability of the calixarene, and there exist calixarene–alkanethiol mixed monolayer compositions in which the particles become unstable due to mismatching ligand spacer lengths, (iii) calixarenes with very short spacers bound to the gold surface can experience an enhancement in the delocalized π-electron density available for cation complexation, likely due to the proximity of the gold-bound sulphur to the calixarene cavity.
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The p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene phosphinoxide derivatives and p-tert-butylcalix[6]-arene phosphinoxide derivatives were synthesized by substitution reaction.IR,1 H NMR and13 C NMR were used to characterize the compounds.The influences of pH,concentration of extractant,extraction time and temperature on the calixarene and its phosphinoxide deriva-tives' extraction of U(Ⅵ)were investigated.The results show that the extraction effect of U(Ⅵ)by p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene is higher than p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene,meanwhile,the extraction efficiencies of U(Ⅵ)by the calixarene phosphinoxide derivatives are higher than the extraction efficiencies of U(Ⅵ)by calixarenes.Compared with calixarenes,the calixarene phosphinoxide derivatives' extraction efficiencies of U(Ⅵ)are increased by 36.49% and37.61%respectively under the same condition.
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Calix[4]arenes substituted with amido groups on the upper rim, can be used a starting materials for the synthesis of calixarene ligands. These ligands can be ortho-palladated to form calixarene metalloreceptors capable of coordinating a substrate inside the bowl-shaped cavity of the calixarene. The principles of size and shape selectivity can be demonstrated employing substituted aromatic amines as model substrates.
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Correction for ‘Effects of the support on bifunctional one-step synthesis of methylal via methanol oxidation catalysed by Fe–Mo-based bifunctional catalysts’ by Meng Yuan et al. , Sustainable Energy Fuels , 2021, 5 , 246–260, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SE01194K.
Bifunctional catalyst
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Calixarene
Organometallic Chemistry
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Selective transport of metal ions across liquid membrane can be achieved by using calixarene derivatives with recognition groups.In this work, %p%-tert-butyl-calixarene and tetra-acetoxy %p%-tert-butyl-calixarene were examined comparatively for the transport of different metal ions.It was found that tetra-acetoxy %p%-tert-butyl-calixarene transported efficiently Ag~+. The effects of the pH gradient between the source phase and the receiving phase, and ion concentration were studied. The transport process and transport mechanism by using calixarene and its derivative as carriers were briefly discussed.
Calixarene
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