Hepatoprotective effect of ferulic acid and/or low doses of γ-irradiation against cisplatin-induced liver injury in rats
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The therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin (CIS) is limited owing to its hepatotoxic side effects. The current study aimed to investigate the protective impact of ferulic acid (FA) and low-doses of γ-irradiation (LDR) against CIS-prompted hepatotoxicity in rats. Adult male Swiss albino rats were divided into eight groups: untreated group; FA, LDR, and CIS treated groups; and combinations of one or more of the above treatments. Post-treatment analyses included measuring redox markers like SOD and CAT activity, NO free radical content, and lipid peroxidation in liver tissue. Serum aminotransferase activities were also determined. Additionally, gene transcript levels of liver NF-ҡB-P65, caspase-1, COX-2, and IL-1β were quantified. Moreover, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and histopathological examinations were estimated in liver tissue. Our findings revealed increased levels of oxidative stress along with a significant reduction in anti-oxidative responses and a significant increase in serum aminotransferase activities in the CIS-intoxicated group. A similar increase was also observed in COX-2 and IL-1β transcript levels and caspase-3 enzyme activity, besides a decrease in transcript levels of NF-ҡB-p65 and caspase-1, indicating an overall inflammatory trend and an increase in the apoptotic shift. The co-administration of FA and/or treatment with LDR has ameliorated the hepatotoxic effect induced by CIS. The histopathological investigation of liver tissues confirmed this ameliorating action of these adjuvant therapies against CIS toxicity. In conclusion, it is plausible to suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of co-administration of FA and/or LDR against CIS-induced hepatotoxicity are attributed to the possession of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic capabilities.Ferulic acid, a very attractive natural antioxidant is present in beer in free form, but the main form is the bound form as feruloylated oligosaccharides. Previous research showed that feruloylated oligosaccharides more effectively inhibited lipid and Low Density Lipoprotein oxidation than free ferulic acid. The aim of the present study was to evaluate free and bound ferulic acid concentrations throughout the brewing process in experimental mashes (worts, beers during fermentation, maturation and storage), and to conduct a comparison in commercial beers. Another aim of the study was to investigate methods to increase levels of bound ferulic acid in beer due to the potential health benefits. Specifically, the influence of commercial enzyme preparations on both forms of ferulic acid contents was studied. Five commercial enzyme preparations during mashing were examined: Celluclast, Shearzyme, Viscozyme, Cereflo and Ultraflo. In all experimental beers, the concentrations of esterified ferulic acid were 4–6 fold higher than the corresponding free ferulic acid contents, depending on the enzyme preparation used. Ferulic acid contents in the ester form in experimental beers were in the range of 748.4 mg/hL to 1244.3 mg/hL, whereas the contents of free ferulic acid were in the range of 134.6 mg/hL to 275.2 mg/hL. Comparison of free and bound ferulic acid contents in experimental beers, produced using enzyme preparations and commercial beers found in a local market, showed that concentrations of bound ferulic acid in experimental beers were significantly higher than in commercial beers, whereas concentrations of free ferulic acid in experimental and commercial beers were comparable.
Mashing
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Angelica sinensis
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Object To investigate the isomer transition reaction of ferulic acid and the existing form of ferulic acid in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. Methods HPLC and HPLC-MS were used to confirm the isomer transition of ferulic acid. Results The trans-ferulic acid was translated into cis-ferulic acid partly when its solution was deposited under some routine conditions,and the trans- and cis-ferulic acids could coexist in the Chinese medicinal materials,L. chuanxiong and A. sinensis. Conclusion The trans-ferulic acid is stable thermodynamicly,but could be translated into cis-ferulic acid partly and slowly.
Angelica sinensis
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Objective: To observe the effect of Ferulic acid to the antioxidant capacity of model cell induced by Aβ25-35. To explore the effect and mechanism of angelica prevention and treatment of AD. Methods: We separately induced PC12 cells by using Aβ25-35 to against and intervened Ferulic acid with different concentration. MTT colorimetric method was used to detect and observation protection effect of Ferulic acid to cell proliferation on two kinds of AD models. Colorimetric method was used to detect the influence of Ferulic acid to activity of lactic dehydrogenase,MDA content,SOD activity and LDH content in damaged PC12 cell culture. We explored the gene expression of Apbb1 and Ache by RT-pcr method. Results: Ferulic acid increased the survival rate of damaged PC12 cells and the peak was at 2 mmol / L in Aβ25-35 models which can obviously decrease MDA content and improve SOD activity( P 0. 01). Ferulic acid can cut mRNA expression of Ache and Apbb1( P 0. 01). Conclusion: Ferulic acid can prevent PC12 cell from ability of the cell and Ache and mRNA expression of Ache and Apbb1.
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Abstract Background and Objectives Ferulic acid has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. Ferulic acid in barley is present in esterified form in the bran layer, however, only the free form is bioaccessible in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The objectives of this study were to investigate the bioaccessibility of ferulic acid at four stages of simulated gastrointestinal digestion of two barley varieties to determine when ferulic acid is released and investigate factors which may affect the release of ferulic acid including digestive enzymes and pH. Findings The release of ferulic acid was strongly influenced by digestive enzymes and minimally by pH. The presence of enzymes reduced free ferulic acid but increased the amount of esterified ferulic acid. The major release of esterified ferulic acid occurred during the final hour of small intestinal digestion. The amount of bioaccessible ferulic acid remained constant throughout digestion. The bran thickness, measured by microCT imaging, significantly differed between the varieties. Conclusion During digestion, ferulic acid changed structurally, as observed by the changes in the amount of free and esterified ferulic acid at four digestion timepoints. The release of ferulic acid was strongly influenced by exposure to digestive enzymes and minimally by pH, although the mechanism of the presence of enzymes on ferulic acid release is unclear. The bioaccessibility of ferulic acid may be determined by the bran layer thickness and further investigation is required. Significance and Novelty This is the first study to investigate the bioaccessibility of ferulic acid in barley at various stages of digestion and to measure the bran thickness of barley using microCT imaging with preliminary findings indicating enhanced ferulic acid bioaccessibility in grains with a thinner bran layer.
Digestion
Phenolic acid
Coumaric acid
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OBJECTIVE To compare the contents of ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis Oliv.collected from 21 different regions.METHODS The content of ferulic acid was determined by RP HPLC.RESULTS The contents of ferulic acid in all the samples changed from 0.243% to 1.026%.The contents of ferulic acid in Angelica sinensis Oliv. from non genuine herbs in Longxi,Gansu and Yunnan Lijiang were the highest.The lowest contents were found in the herbs from Qingshui and Minxian.CONCLUSION The contents of ferulic acid from genuine herbs were only on the middle level.
Angelica sinensis
Chinese herbs
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[Studies on extraction and purification of active parts of ferulic acid from Ligusticun chuanxiong].
To study on the process of extraction and purification of active parts from Ligusticun chuanxiong.The processes of extraction and purification of active parts of ferulic acid were optimized by direct comparison and orthogonal design.Extract rate of active parts of ferulic acid was 1.67% and the content of ferulic acid was 5.82%.Active parts of ferulic acid from L. chuanxiong were extracted and purified effectively.
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Objective To research the stability of ferulic acid in rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong,to find the proper processing parameters of its extracting, concentration and drying. Methods By means of RP-HPLC, comparing the peak area of ferulic acid, so deducing the stability of ferulic acid. Results The experiments have manifested that ferulic acid was not stable when treated by heat in solution. When the temperature exceeded 80 ℃, the peak of ferulic acid dropped sharply, and this tendency was proportional with heating time, while the amount of ferulic acid in the dry crude drug of rhizoma ligusticum chuanxiong kept stable. Conclusion Based on this research, we can make the conclusion that in the relative process, such as extracting, concentration and drying, the temperature should keep under 80 ℃, and the heating time should be within 12 h, for the sake of a higher yielding of ferulic acid.
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Objective:To study the effect of different dry methods on ferulic acid in different parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong.Method:The content of ferulic acid in L.chuanxiong from different dry methods and different parts was determined by HPLC.Result:There was a good linear relationship between ferulic acid and peak area when the sample injection was from 0.005 74-0.918 4 μg(r=0.999 9);the quantification limit was 0.114 8 mg·L-1;the average recovery was 100.7%,and RSD was 1.07%(n=9).The ferulic acid content in different parts of L.chuanxiong arranged in descending order was:rhizomestemleaf.Different dry methods had different influence on the ferulic acid content in different parts of L.chuanxiong.Conclusion:Ferulic acid content in different parts of L.chuanxiong is different.Sunshine is not suitable for rhizome,oven-drying after sunshine is suitable for L.chuanxiong.
Linear relationship
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