Moral stress and coping: relationship with long-term positive reactions and PTSD indication in military personnel
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This study investigates the relationship between moral stress reactions and resulting coping efforts in severely morally challenging situations. Long-term positive reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicators following morally challenging situations are also studied. The sample consisted of cadets and officers (n = 332) from Norway and Sweden. Long-term positive reactions were found to be associated with limited moral stress reactions during the challenging episode and frequent use of acceptance and positive reappraisal coping strategies. Long-term high scores on a PTSD indicator scale covaried with high scores on Openness, a strong moral stress reaction, and frequent use of instrumental coping strategies. The main conclusion is that the immediate moral stress reaction and coping strategies following morally challenging situations appear to be related to both positive long-term reactions and to indicators of PTSD.Keywords:
Openness to experience
Coping behavior
Negative exchanges have been shown to detract from psychological well-being in later life, but little research has investigated how older adults respond to such exchanges. The authors examined older adults' coping responses, goals, and effectiveness following a specific negative social exchange. The findings revealed that participants' coping responses and the effectiveness of these responses varied as a function of their coping goals. The results underscore the importance of considering older adults' coping responses and goals when evaluating factors that affect the impact of negative social exchanges on well-being in later life.
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Recent research in the psychology of aging places increasing emphasis on the coping concept as a means of explaining the psychological consequences of stresses and demands at old age. Nevertheless, only a few empirical studies on the coping behavior of aging people have been made. These studies show the following: (a) coping varies with age, as well as with sex differences, (b) coping strategies differ according to the actual characteristics of daily hassles, critical life events, and persistent life-strains, (c) coping strategies differ also according to the subjective appraisal of these events, (d) there is no evidence for the protective function of coping behavior in general, but only for specific coping strategies. Although there is some speculation about the "growth" and "regression" hypotheses, there are, as yet, no studies on this question. The author concludes by considering some theoretical and methodical problems of coping research in gerontology.
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While the coping behaviors of hospitalized children continue to be an area of interest for researchers, systematic documentation in the literature concerning children's coping remains limited. In this descriptive secondary analysis, 23 master's thesis case studies were analyzed to determine how researchers described the range of coping behaviors that children used while hospitalized for cardiac surgery. The analysis sought to determine patterns of coping in both preschool and school-age children. A second aim was to validate further and refine the dimensions and items of the Children's Coping Behaviors Category System developed by Ritchie, Caty, and Ellerton in 1987. Results revealed that a broad range of names and labels of behavior was used to describe children's coping. The predominant patterns of behavior that emerged were direct action and information-seeking. Differences between preschool and school-age children's reported behaviors were evident. The coping category system was validated further and refinements are suggested.
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Coping behavior
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Abstract Recent research has identified the value of distinguishing between employee's appraisals of their work‐based challenge, hindrance, and threat job demands, and of how employee's future‐oriented coping is associated with key occupational outcomes. The current study extends this research by assessing the extent to which employee's proactive and preventive coping techniques each directly and indirectly predicted challenge, hindrance and threat appraisals. Utilizing a daily diary design, 89 undergraduate students completed five daily surveys focused on a common future stressor. Results suggested daily appraisals do not change as much as expected, with only challenge appraisals reducing across the 5‐day period. However, both proactive and preventive coping moderated daily stress appraisals, such that when proactive coping was high, challenge appraisals increased and hindrance appraisals decreased. Similarly, preventive coping appeared to reduce both hindrance and threat appraisals. Theoretical and practical implications of the multi‐level and dynamic nature of appraisals and future‐oriented coping are discussed.
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Cognitive appraisal
Coping behavior
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Fear of recurrence has been well documented among cancer survivors, yet there have been few publications on strategies for coping with this fear. This report describes 3 coping strategies tailored to the management of fear of recurrence and the delivery of these coping strategies through FoRtitude, a targeted e‐health intervention designed to teach breast cancer survivors coping strategies targeted at fear of recurrence with a Web‐ and text messaging–based approach.
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Coping behavior
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The Coping Inventory, an observation instrument based on Lois Murphy's longitudinal study of children's coping behavior, is described. The instrument assesses 48 kinds of coping behavior in order to develop a profile for use in educational and therapeutic planning. Examples and supportive technical data are given.
Coping behavior
Avoidance coping
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