Cytology PT.
J David WalkerPeter A. SmithDavid SmirnowJo Dee AndersonMaggie SneddonAnn McCallumClint McCannTerry Petersen
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Although a knowledge of histopathology is of paramount importance in diagnostic cytology (Koss, 1979), it is far too simple to state that the appearance of cells in a cytological specimen is identical to that of the corresponding cells in histological material. There are several reasons for the presence of differences in cell images in his-tology and cytology, and of differences in cell harvest in the two methods.
Histology
Histopathology
Cytological Techniques
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of urine liquid based cytology and conventional cytology in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.Methods: Urine samples from 208 patients with suspected badder caner were detected by liquid based cytology and conventional cytology respectively,results were compared to histopathology.Results: Total of 108 times urine samples from 208 patients of liquid based cytology were detected in cancer cells,51 times were suspicious cancer cells,32 times were atypical cells;102 times of conventional cytology were detected in cancer cells,39 times were suspicious cancer cells,52 times were atypical cells.The sensitivity for liquid based cytology and conventional cytology was 71.7 %,65.0% respectively;both of specificity was 99.3%.Conclusion: Liquid based cytology facilitate a more accurate diagnosis than conventional cytology in diagnosis of bladder cancer,the quality of liquid based cytology smear is better than conventional cytology.
Urine cytology
Liquid-based cytology
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We have correlated imprint cytology findings in thyroid tumors to the results of preoperative fine needle aspiration and operative specimen histology. Specificity of imprint cytology proved greater than that of fine needle aspiration cytology and topographic correlations were particularly helpful. Imprint cytology can improve the intraoperative histologic diagnosis. Because abundant cells are available, imprint thyroid cytology is ideal for teaching and training cytologists. Imprint cytology provides enough cells to perform special techniques, such as quantitative cytology, that are useful for the diagnosis of some tumor varieties (e.g. follicular tumors).
Histology
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DNA analysis is becoming an important diagnostic and prognostic adjunct test in urinary cytology. The aim of this study was to compare the results of DNA flow cytometry (FCM) with the cytologic diagnosis of bladder washings (BW). DNA ploidy was evaluated in 251 BW. In 65 cases, follow-up surgical biopsies were available. Cytology results were classified as positive and negative, and FCM results were categorized as diploid and aneuploid. Both tests were evaluated independently. Cases were defined as discordant if the cytology was negative and FCM was aneuploid, or if the cytology was positive and FCM was diploid. All discordant cases were reviewed, and positive predictive values (PPV) for FCM and cytology were calculated for cases with follow-up biopsy results. Cytologic evaluation classified 181 cases as negative, with 175 of them diploid and 6 aneuploid; and 70 as positive, with 53 of them diploid and 17 aneuploid. Overall, there were 59 discordant cases (23.5%, with a confidence limit of 18.2–28.8%). Of 6 aneuploid/cytology-negative cases, biopsies were available in 4 cases and showed one grade 1, two grade 2, and one grade 3 urothelial carcinoma (UC). Reanalysis of these 6 cytology specimens showed 1 case that should have been interpreted as positive (false negative), 4 true negatives, and 1 polyoma virus infection. Out of 53 diploid/cytology-positive cases, biopsies were available in 45 cases and showed nine grade 1, 14 grade 2, three grade 3 UCs, 11 UCs in situ, and eight negative biopsies. The PPV for cytology was 85%, and the PPV for FCM was 95%. We concluded that FCM, which requires a large number of cells, often cannot detect small aneuploid populations, which are present particularly in cases of UC in situ. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2000;22:65–69. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Purpose Liquid-based cytology have been developed and currently used to overcome the limitation of conventional cytology. This study aims to evaluate the differences between conventional cytology and ThinPrep® in the bronchial washing. Materials and Methods Both conventional cytology and ThinPrep® were performed in the 2,551 cases of bronchial washing, of which, 116 cases of histologically diagnosed as lung cancer were evaluated. Results Among the 116 cases, 23 and 4 cases were negative in conventional cytology and ThinPrep®, respectively. The thirty eight cases in conventional cytology and 30 cases in ThinPrep® were diagnosed as "atypical." Malignant carcinoma was 54 cases and 82 cases in conventional cytology and ThinPrep®, respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were 98.94%, 99.06%, 80.17%, and 99.96%, respectively in conventional cytology. Those were 99.12%, 99.83%, 96.55% and 99.96%, respectively in ThinPrep®. Conclusion ThinPrep® (liquid-based cytology) revealed higher sensitivity and lower false negative rate than conventional cytology. ThinPrep® has many advantages to diagnose the lung cancer from bronchial washing cytology.
Liquid-based cytology
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BACKGROUNDThe cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using conventional cytology with a cytocentrifuge (cytospin) is an important method for evaluating the involvement of leukemia in the CNS. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is now a widely used cytological method not only for gynecological and non-gynecological specimens, but its application to CSF for the identification of leukemic cell has not yet been reported. In this study, we tried to compare conventional cytology with using a cytospin with LBC and Papanicolaou (Pap) staining. We also examined the modified LBC with Wright staining to assess whether this modified method can be useful for diagnosing Leukemia.METHODSWe studied 30 cases of CSF that were obtained from 16 patients, including 17 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 12 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We applied conventional cytology with a cytocentrifuge (cytospin), LBC with Pap staining and modified LBC with Wright staining.RESULTSThe morphological features of the LBC with Pap staining showed difficulty for interpretation when compared with conventional cytology with a cytospin, and mainly because of cellular shrinkage. The modified LBC with Wright staining showed good morphological features.CONCLUSIONSWe suggest that modified LBC with Wright staining may be useful for examining CSF.
Liquid-based cytology
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Contributors Preface Editor s Note 1 Cytological Collection Techniques and Sample Preparation Natali Bauer 2 General Principles of Cytological Interpretation Kathleen Tennant 3 Cytology of the Lymphoid Tissues Erik Teske 4 Cytology of Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Lesions John Dunn 5 Cytology of the Respiratory Tract John Dunn 6 Biochemical and Cytological Examination of Body Cavity Effusions Emma Dewhurst and Niki Skeldon 7 Cytology of Synovial Fluid Kate Sherry 8 Biochemical and Cytological Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid Kate English and Holger Volk 9 Cytology of the Eye and Adnexal Structures Roger Powell and David Gould 10 Cytology of the Urinary Tract Joy Archer 11 Cytology of the Liver, Exocrine Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Tract Marta Costa and Kostas Papasouliotis 12 Cytological Examination of the Endocrine Glands Walter Bertazzolo 13 Cytology of the Male and Female Genital Tracts Gary C.W. England and Kristen R. Friedrichs 14 Cytology of Mammary Gland Lesions Reinhard Mischke 15 Cytology of Selected Infectious Organisms Harold Tvedten Further Reading Index
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A review of the literature of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology of different forms of meningitis/meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs and cats is given. Eight dogs and three cats with signs of meningitis/meningoencephalitis are presented. Four dogs and one cat improved to normal for 1-3 years. The results of CSF cytology of cases whose etiology could not be determined are compared with those of thirteen dogs with distemper. In 8 of 13 sediments eosinophilic inclusions in monocytes and macrophages were found.
Etiology
Canine distemper
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