Substance Use in HIV Populations
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Abstract This chapter discusses issues, implications, diagnosis, and treatment of substance use disorders in HIV-positive individuals. The learner will be able to describe the bidirectional interactions between HIV and unhealthy substance use, recognize unhealthy substance use in people with HIV, and provide an initial outline of possible approaches to the treatment of substance use disorders among people with HIV.Keywords:
Special populations
The Role of Literature in the Prevention of Substance Use and HIV: A Study in Literary Communication
With the cardinal objective of contributing to the global campaign against substance use and abuse and against the prevalence and spread of HIV/AIDS worldwide, the paper adopts an interdisciplinary perspective from which it explores and illuminates the copious ways in which literature can be, and has been, used to campaign for the prevention of substance use and HIV. It delineates the concepts of literature, substance and HIV in the context of the study and discusses substance use and HIV in their aspects and contents, drawing on the findings and views of practitioners in the field. It selects and analyses literary texts across genres to illustrate specific ways in which literature has been used to discourage substance use and recommends new strategies - including e-literature - to the literary writer towards the prevention of substance use and HIV and towards the global campaign against the spread of HIV and AIDS.
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Objectives: To compare substance use disorders (SUD) treatment patterns and barriers to such treatment among men and women with SUD with and without comorbid major depressive episodes (MDE) in a community sample. Methods: Using data from adult participants in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2005–2010, we investigated differences by sex in the association of MDE comorbidity with SUD on patterns of, perceived unmet need for, and the perceived barriers to SUD treatments. Results: Compared with participants with SUD without MDE, both men and women with comorbid SUD and MDE were more likely to use SUD services or to report an unmet need for such treatment. Sex modified the association of comorbidity and treatment patterns: males with MDE comorbidity had a greater likelihood of emergency room visits and use of inpatient services than females. Barriers to substance treatment were remarkably similar for males and females in both the SUD without MDE group and with MDE group, with attitudinal factors being the most common barriers. Conclusions: Comorbidity with MDE seems to be an important predictor of service utilization and perceived need for SUD treatment in both men and women. The association of comorbidity with the use of some types of services, however, seems to vary according to sex. The findings have implications for the design of sex-specific SUD treatment programs.
Depression
Dual diagnosis
Substance abuse treatment
Major depressive episode
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Native American (NA) veterans have rarely been the focus of investigational efforts. We review studies relevant to an assessment of NA substance-use disorders, and discuss findings of the Drug Abuse Treatment Services Evaluation Project pertaining specifically to NA veterans. A larger proportion of NA veterans discharged from VA inpatient care in FY93 were diagnosed with a substance-use disorder compared to the total population of veterans discharged that year. Substance-dependent NAs were more likely to be diagnosed with alcohol-use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder, and less likely to be diagnosed with drug-use disorders and other psychiatric disorders than substance-dependent veterans generally.
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Psychiatric comorbidity
Dual diagnosis
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The research objectives are threefold: - First, we want to map the prevalence of poly substance use and the characteristics of poly substance users in out- and inpatient substance abuse treatment in Belgium; - Second, we will explore the extent and type of psychiatric complaints and disorders among persons following substance abuse treatment in Belgium and the prevalence and type of DSM Axis I and II-disorders in this population; - Third, we will compare the characteristics and psychiatric profile of poly substance users with that of persons who only use one substance.
Substance abuse treatment
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This chapter reviews the associations between substance use, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and HIV risk behaviors; the prevalence of substance use disorders among HIV-positive individuals in treatment settings; the medical, psychiatric, and substance abuse treatment of individuals with substance use disorders and HIV infection; and finally, HIV risk reduction among substance abusers.
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Research has shown that persons with co-occurring disorders are more likely to use multiple drugs and to have more social and economic problems than substance abuse treatment populations without a co-occurring mental health disorder. This article focuses on the incidence and characteristics of persons with co-occurring disorders among a substance abuse treatment population in Detroit, MI. Data were extrapolated from a larger needs assessment that covered the three-year period 2004-2006.
Substance abuse treatment
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Alcohol use disorder
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ContributorsAcknowledgementsChapter 1. EpidemiologyChapter 2. Predisposing FactorsChapter 3. Routes of Abuse and Specific DrugsChapter 4. Diagnosis of Adolescent Substance Abuse DisordersChapter 5. Comorbidity and Adolescent Substance AbuseChapter 6. Medical Evaluation of Substance-Abusing AdolescentsChapter 7. Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Evaluation of AdolescentsChapter 8. Treatment Planning and Case ManagementChapter 9. Outpatient TreatmentChapter 10. Inpatient ProgramsChapter 11. Use of Medications With Substance-Abusing AdolescentsChapter 12. Adolescent Psychiatry and 12-Step TreatmentChapter 13. SpiritualityChapter 14. Family TreatmentChapter 15. RelapseChapter 16. Adolescent Development and Substance AbuseChapter 17. Untreatable Substance-Abusing AdolescentsIndex
Psychiatric comorbidity
Substance abuse treatment
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The study examined gender differences in a sample of 213 substance-abuse treatment clients with co-occurring severe and nonsevere psychiatric disorders. Results indicated that women had higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder. Males displayed greater severity on psychiatric measures and received a greater array of ancillary services during treatment yet reported less social and psychological problem days at admission. Conversely, females presented relatively greater substance-use severity but reported higher levels of psychosocial distress and less problem days related to substance use. These findings suggest gender differences in problem recognition may exist, with males more readily admitting to problems related to substance use and females more open to acknowledging the effects of social and psychiatric problems. The current results have clinical implications for both the assessment process and the treatment programming. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 6:255–267 (2006)]
Substance abuse treatment
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