Self-reported neck and back pain among supermarket cashiers in Gaborone, Botswana
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Abstract:
Objective. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and impacts of neck and back pain among supermarket cashiers in Botswana. Results. A total of 174 supermarket cashiers participated in this study, the majority of whom were females (72%). The prevalence of lower back pain was 69%, upper back pain 53% and neck pain 37%. Increasing age was associated with neck (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.43, 5.15]) and upper back (95% CI [1.43, 3.60]) pain. Cashiers working at a low work surface and overreaching for items were 19 and 11 times more likely to report neck (95% CI [1.7, 255.9]) and lower back (95% CI [1.84, 62.1]) pain, respectively. Almost 6% of cashiers who reported lower back pain reported considering changing jobs due to pain. Conclusions. More than two-thirds, one-half and about two-fifths of supermarket cashiers reported lower back, upper back and neck pain, respectively. Individual and work-related factors were associated with neck and/or back pain. To reduce their prevalence and progression, supermarkets should introduce occupational health and safety talks.Keywords:
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To determine the prevalence of back pain and its development over the first postpartum period, 817 women who had been followed through pregnancy were studied a minimum of 12 months after delivery. More than 67% of the women experienced back pain directly after delivery, whereas 37% said they had back pain at the follow-up examination. Most of the women who had recovered became pain-free within 6 months. Factors that correlated to persistent postpartum back pain were the presence of back pain before pregnancy, the presence of back pain during pregnancy, physically heavy work, and multipregnancy. Of these four factors, physically heavy work was found to have the strongest association with persistent back pain at 12 months.
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There are no data on the efficacy of a back school in primary prevention of back pain in the general population or on the characteristics of the population who volunteers. After announcement in the local press, 494 healthy adults volunteered and paid for a back school course in Switzerland. A total of 371 controls were matched for sex, age, profession, nationality and back pain. A statistically significant decrease in numbers of doctor's visits was found by the participants during the following 6 months compared with the controls. However, there were no significant between-group differences in the four remaining parameters (presence and intensity of back pain, drug intake and sick leave). Three-quarters of participants changed their attitudes after the back school. Volunteering for a back pain prevention programme was associated with the presence of back pain problems. Reasons for volunteering are further discussed. Overall, the results of this study showed that a back school for the general population may not solve the problem of low back pain, but improves self-help in a subgroup of the population.
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The purpose of this study were to determine causes of low back pain in bus drivers who usually work in prolonged sitting position and to find the relationship of back pain with general characteristics and work environmental characteristics, stress symptoms, to com맹re lordosis angle of habitual driving posture and resting posture in low back pain group and non-low back pain group, and to use this result as a basis for improvement of work environment and comprehensive rehabilitative management of low back pain. Ninety-eight bus drivers were selected from the membership of an urban transit union in Seoul. These informations were collected from May 1, 1997 to May 25, 1997 by means of structured questionnaires and X-ray findings. These data were analyzed by test, t-test, logistic regression using SAS. The major results were as follows: 1. Of the respondents, 66.3% of bus drivers were found to be experiencing back pain. 2. Of the respondents of low back pain groups, 78.5% reported that major cause of low back pain was due to prolonged sitting. 3. The group with experiences of frequent or continuous vibration had more low back pain (p degrees in low back pain group, degrees in non-low back pain and averaged lordosis angle of resting sitting posture was degrees in low back pain, degrees in non-low back pain group but the difference in mean lordosis angles of two groups was not statistically significant. The results of this study indicate that professional drivers developed chronicity of low back pain due to unfit seat, poor habitual posture and stress from vibration or other risk factors. Therefore, there is need to improve work environment, i.e. enough resting, to set a seat to support lumbar spine properly and to provide comprehensive rehabilitation program including early diagnosis, proper treatment and education for self help management.
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Commonly used clinical measurements of spinal flexibility in the sagittal and frontal planes were examined as predictors of future back pain reports within industry. The study sample consisted of 3,020 aircraft manufacturing employees who were examined and tracked for more than 4 years for reports of back pain. Modified Schober, sit-and-reach, and lateral bending measurements were not significantly associated with risk of future back pain reporting, nor were any trends present. There was a statistically significant relationship between decreased flexibility and reports of current or previous back problems. However, the differences in flexibility between subjects with and without a history of back problems were too small to be of practical significance.
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Background: Worldwide, 65 - 80% of the population experience low back pain at some stage of their lives. The most common cause of disability is related to the musculoskeletal system; particularly low back pain and spinal disorders. It is convenient to classify low back pain into two groups i.e. specific and nonspecific low back pain. Aim: To study effectiveness of back school exercises in nonspecific low back pain. Methods: A sample size of 50 between age group of 20 - 60 years was selected. Pre intervention VAS and RMDQ score was noted with back school intervention for four weeks followed by post intervention VAS and RMDQ score. Results: After back school intervention the VAS score for pain intensity was reduced at rest and on activity, the RMDQ scores was also reduced significantly, it shows the low back pain disabilities was reduced in all age groups. Conclusion: From the study it is concluded that the back school exercises are effective in nonspecific low back pain. The back school interventions can improve workability of patient.
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Narrative review and discussion of the selected literature.To discuss some important methodologic challenges in low back pain research in primary care.Many methodologic problems must be confronted when conducting low back pain research. Some of these problems are back pain specific or specific to the primary care setting.Methodologic problems related to four research issues will be discussed: study designs, definition of low back pain, determinants of low back pain, and outcome assessment.Two fundamentally different study designs are frequently used in low back pain research, namely observational studies and experimental studies. The definition of low back pain is typically restricted to a highly variables self-reported symptom, the sensation of pain in the back. There clearly is a need for an evidence-based classification system for low back pain. Because a tenable theoretical framework is lacking, it is difficult to know which determinants of low back pain should be quantified. Low back pain studies focus usually on health-related quality-of-life outcome parameters. The identification of the minimum clinically relevant changes for the most important outcome instruments needs further consideration.In years to come, low back pain researchers are challenged to overcome some of these (and other) problems to enhance the quality of low back pain research in primary care.
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Background and Purpose: Epidemiologic studies of low-back and neck pain are abundant, but research on mid-back pain is scant. No studies reporting the characteristics of mid-back pain in the general population were found. This study reports the one-year prevalence, severity, frequency and associated disability of mid-back pain, and compares these findings to those of neck and low-back pain. Methods and Results: Male twins aged 35–70 years (n=600), from a general population sample, were interviewed with standardized questions. Stata’s survey methods were used to adjust for any correlation between the twins. The one-year prevalence of mid-back pain was 17.0% (95% CI 14.3–19.7) compared to 64.0% (95% CI 60.6–67.5) for neck and 66.8% (95% CI 63.4–70.3) for low-back pain. Among those reporting spinal pain, 55.1% with neck pain experienced frequent symptoms (daily to monthly), as compared to 33.3% with mid-back and 39.9% with low-back pain. The mean severity of the worst pain episode was highest for low-back pain, followed by neck and mid-back pain. Associated disability tended to be less common from mid-back pain (23.5%) than low-back (41.1%), with neck pain intermediate (30.3%). Mid-back pain was associated with higher likelihood of low-back and neck pain. Odds ratios for reporting neck and low-back pain were 2.32 (95% CI 1.53–3.51) and 2.86 (95% CI 1.80–4.54) higher, respectively, when mid-back pain was reported than when not. Conclusion: The one-year prevalence of mid-back pain is approximately one-quarter that of neck or low-back pain, with associated disability tending to be less common. Other spinal co-morbidity is nearly always reported in cases of mid-back pain.
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Study Design. Cross-sectional data were collected in a postal questionnaire within the framework of a 5-year randomized, controlled, prospective, population-based study. Objectives. To investigate to what extent associations differ or concur when correlates of low back pain are tested against various subdefinitions of low back pain. Summary of Background Data. Numerous factors have been suspected to cause low back pain, but findings have not been constantly reproduced in epidemiologic studies. Methods. Data were collected on 746 people reporting nonspecific low back pain some time during the year preceding the survey. Six correlates of low back pain (age, sex, marital status, attitude to a healthy life-style, self-reported physical activity at work, and smoking) were cross-tabulated against nonspecific low back pain and against four subgroups of low back pain. Results. There was only one statistically significant strong association between the potential risk indicators and the nonspecific definition of low back pain, but several emerged when the low back pain group was split into subgroups. Different subgroups of low back pain did, indeed, relate differently to the various correlates. Conclusions. It is necessary to define some clinically relevant subgroups of low back pain to accelerate the search for causal mechanisms.
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Statistics relating to back pain classification of back pain causes of low back pain back schools implementation of a back school programme into chiropractic practice exercise programmes for back pain preventing back pain in industry factors that influence compliance.
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