Dataset on bio-stimulation experiments for the removal of hydrocarbons and the monitoring of certain elements in a contaminated soil
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Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) and β-cyclodextrin were added to a soil sample co-contaminated by hydrocarbons (diesel fraction C10-C21 and lubricant oil fraction C22-C40) and heavy metals to promote soil remediation. The pilot study was conducted in the laboratory, maintaining optimal conditions (i.e., temperature, pH, water content, soil aeration) to facilitate hydrocarbon biodegradation. Two different experimental tests were prepared: one for the analysis of hydrocarbons in soil, the other to monitor the dynamics of some elements of interest. For the first test, the two hydrocarbon fractions in the soil were quantified separately by GC-FID, following the ISO 16703:2004(E) standard protocol. Sampling and analysis were done every two weeks, for three consecutive months. For the second test (dynamics of certain elements in the soil), soil and leachate samples were analyzed by ICP-MS after appropriate pretreatment steps.Keywords:
Soil test
Fraction (chemistry)
The immobilization/stabilization agents for remediation of soil in farmland contaminated by heavy metals hawe been characterized by simple convenient and low cost material that does not destroy the structure of soil, but different agents had different remediation effects on soil, crops and heavy metal ions. The remediation effects, advantages and dis-advantages of several kinds of immobilization/stabilization agents were summarized in the paper, and the functional mechanism of immobilization/stabilization remediation and main factors on affecting the remediation by immobilization/stabilization agents have been discussed. The limitation of immobilization/stabilization agents on remediation of soil in farmland contaminated by heavy metals have also been analyzed. The present developments and future directions have been discussed.
Soil Remediation
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The effect of bio-surfactant (rhamnolipid) on the remediation of crude oil and salt contaminated soil was investigated in this study. The experimental results indicated that there was a distinct decline of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration within the soil when using rhamnolipid during a remediation period of 30 days, with maximum TPH reduction of 86.97%. The most effective remediation that was observed was with rhamnolipid at a concentration of 2 CMC in soil solution, and a first-order TPH degradation rate constant of 0.0866 d−1. The results also illustrated that salts in soil had a negative impact on TPH reduction, and the degradation rate was negatively correlated with NaCl concentration in soil solution. The analysis of soil TPH fractions indicated that there was a significant reduction of C13-C30 during the remediation process when using bio-surfactant.
Rhamnolipid
Total petroleum hydrocarbon
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The present work addresses the assessment of human health risk from soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) due to crude oil pollution, with a particular focus on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group of carcinogenic and toxic substances. Given that the measured risk for human health exceeded the accepted level, the study considered an electrochemical remediation method. The laboratory-scale experiments were conducted by using an electric field-based treatment as a possible solution for the remediation of contaminated soil. After 20 days of treatment, while the voltage applied was 15 V (specific voltage of 1 V/cm), the hydrocarbon content was significantly reduced. The parameters measured to determine the overall remediation efficiency were pH, redox potential, ionic strength, soil characteristics, voltage gradient, and zeta potential. The remediation degree observed during the experiments was around 50% for TPHs and 46% for PAHs. The applied remediation method resulted in significant removal efficiency of the tested contaminants from the soil. Consequently, the human health risk assessment for the new degree of contaminants in the soil was achieved. This data demonstrated to what extent the application of the remediation applied technology ensured an acceptable risk under the same exposure conditions for the industrial workers.
Total petroleum hydrocarbon
Electrokinetic Remediation
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In this paper, the hazards of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) accumulation in soil environment and the advantages of applying biosurfactants in the remediation of HOCs-contaminated soil were briefly introduced, the main remediation mechanism of biosurfactants, i.e., promoting the dissolution, desorption, and biodegradation of HOCs was elucidated, and the effects of the type and concentration of biosurfactants and the physical and chemical properties of soils on the remediation were analyzed. The prospects of the application and development of biosurfactants in the remediation of HOCs-contaminated soil were also discussed.
Soil Remediation
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This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal(HM) contaminated soil using saponin,an environmentally-friendly extractant.Batch experiments were performed to test the influence of saponin pH,concentration,and contact time on remediation of HM contaminated soil.An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of HM dissolution/desorption.Using the model,we can also obtain two important parameters: the equilibrium HMs concentrations(Ce) and mass transfer coefficients(k).Results show that utilization of saponin was effective for removal of HMs from the contaminated soil,attaining 93.5%of Cd,20.5% of Pb,8.6% of Cu,48.4% of Zn in the pH range of 5.0-5.5 within 12 h.The order of mass transfer coefficient was Cd?Zn?Pb?Cu.Such a remediation procedure indicates that saponin is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils.However,further research is required before the method can be used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites.
Soil Remediation
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The concurrent presence of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil is widespread and severe, highlighting the need for remediation. However, remediating As and Cd co-contaminated soils is more complex than remediating soils contaminated with a single heavy metal due to the opposite properties of As and Cd in soil. Thus, the different forms of As and Cd in co-contaminated soils and their transformation rules have been systematically reviewed in this paper. Simultaneously, hyperaccumulators and immobilization amendments used in the remediation of As–Cd co-contaminated soil were reviewed. Moreover, the mechanisms of phytoremediation and chemical immobilization techniques in the treatment of As and Cd co-contaminated soil and the remediation effects were expounded in detail. To promote the development of ecological civilization, this paper proposes further remediation strategies and guidance for the remediation of As–Cd co-contaminated soil.
Soil Remediation
Contaminated land
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Application of surfactants to the remediation of the soil polluted by heavy metals has been proved to be a prospective soil remediation technology.Surfactant remediation technology and its influence factors,mainly including ion-type surfactant remediation,biological surfactant remediation and combined remediation and so on,in the remediation of the soil polluted by heavy metals are introduced,the research trend for present soil remediation on complexly polluted soil is on combined application of many remediation technologies,furthermore,the problems in soil remediation technologies are discussed.
Soil Remediation
Electrokinetic Remediation
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Some commonly used remediation methods of heavy metal-contaminated soils were summarized,such as physical remediation,chemical remediation and bioremediation.The applicability and limitations of different remediation methods were analyzed.The general situation of zero-valent iron remediation and the problems in zero-valent iron remediation were elaborated,which was the new direction for future development of metal-contaminated soil remediation.
Zerovalent iron
Soil Remediation
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With the enhancement of people's environmental protection realization,the concept of soil remediation is gradually known to everybody,and the soil remediation industry grows up continuously.As the represent of the heavy metal contaminated soil-hexavalent contaminated soil,for its characteristics of high toxicity,wide distribution and difficult treatment,has attracted a number of soil remediation companies and researchers.This paper introduces the research advance of the common remediation technologies of hexavalent chromium contaminated soil and the author hopes that the profession and the related governors would learn something from this paper.
Hexavalent Chromium
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