A Novel Method to Measure the Static Coefficient of Friction for Socks
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Mechanical testers have commonly been used to measure the frictional properties of socks. However, the friction values may be susceptible to the level of stretchiness of tested fabrics or human variability. Thus, the aim of this study was to propose a novel method that enables friction measurement of socks in a sock-wearing condition with less human variability effects. Five socks with different frictional properties were chosen. Three experimental ramp tests were performed with an artificial structure shaped like the foot-ankle complex (last) and a ramp tester to quantify the static coefficient of friction (COF) at the foot against sock, at the sock against an insole, and the foot wearing socks against the insole, respectively. The angle where the last slipped while the ramp surface was gradually inclined was used to compute the static COF values for each sock. The reliability was 0.99, and COF values ranged from 0.271 to 0.861 at the foot-sock interface, 0.342 to 0.639 at the sock-insole interface, and 0.310 to 0.614 in the third test. Socks with different frictional properties were successfully distinguished each other. Thus, the suggested protocol could be a reliable option for measuring the static COF values in the tension similar with it found in a sock-waring condition with reduced effects of human variability.Keywords:
SOCKS
Coefficient of friction
Static friction
Coefficient of variation
In this article,the coefficient of friction between soybeans and silo wall materials were measured by direct shear apparatus. The results showed that as the moisture contents increased from 10. 62% to 17. 02%,the coefficient of friction between soybean and materials which were stainless steel,concrete and board ranged from 0. 317 to 0. 420,0. 357 to 0. 533 and0. 323 to 0. 453,respectively. The coefficient of friction between soybean and stainless steel was the smallest,the coefficient of friction between soybean and concrete was the biggest. Coefficients of friction decreased with the increasing of normal stress and increasing with the increase of moisture content. Finally,the relationship between the coefficient of friction and moisture content,the coefficient of friction and the normal stress were fitted as functions,respectively.
Coefficient of friction
Static friction
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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has many advantages, but the friction coefficient generated by contact with the counter material is high. The purpose of this study is to reduce the friction coefficient by forming hierarchical micro/nanopatterns on the PDMS surface using the imprinting method. In addition, the optimum conditions for reducing the friction coefficient by controlling the sliding speed and normal load were determined. After contacting flat bare PDMS and hierarchical micro/nanostructured PDMS with a counter tip made of polyurethane (PU), the change in friction with sliding speed and vertical load was evaluated. Under normal load conditions, the average friction coefficient of the bare PDMS decreased as the sliding speed increased, and that of the patterned PDMS slightly increased. Regardless of the sliding speed, the friction coefficient decreased as the normal load increased for both specimens. At a sliding speed of 4 mm/s under a load of 10 mN, the friction reduction effect of the pattern structure was the largest at 79%. Overall, the greatest friction reduction effect (84%) was confirmed in patterned PDMS with the lowest friction coefficient under the conditions of 4 mm/s, 50 mN, compared to bare PDMS with the highest friction coefficient under the conditions of 4 mm/s, 10 mN.
Polydimethylsiloxane
Coefficient of friction
Static friction
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Some measurements on the coefficients of static friction of wood, wood on rubber, wood on glass and of rubber on glass are described. In each case the coefficient of friction has been found to be independent of load (above 200 gms) thus suggesting for the friction mechanism to be on the similar lines of that of metals. The results of friction measurements show that the coefficient of friction depends to some extent on the nominal areas projected. For friction with rubber no dependence of coefficients of friction on load was observed. The coefficient of friction for wood sliding on rubber was observed smaller than that of rubber sliding on wood. Explanations for such interesting cases have been put forward.
Coefficient of friction
Static friction
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Coefficient of friction
Static friction
Frictional coefficient
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Coefficient of friction
Static friction
Dynamical friction
Conservative force
Frictional coefficient
Friction torque
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Coefficient of friction
Static friction
Degradation
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Coefficient of friction
Dry friction
Static friction
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Coefficient of friction
Static friction
Ball (mathematics)
Dynamical friction
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Abstract Coefficient of friction is defined as the ratio of the force of friction to the load producing it. The accepted laws of the coefficient of friction are: 1. It is independent of the area of the surface in contact. 2. It is independent of the load applied. 3. It is independent of the velocity, at low values. 4. The static value is greater than the kinetic, i. e., it is greater at the beginning of motion than after motion has been established. The accompanying data will show that every one of these accepted laws are violated by rubber. The following values for area were obtained by varying the pressure in an automobile tire in place on an automobile on concrete.
Coefficient of friction
Static friction
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The coefficient of friction of fottr flexible packaging films(PE,PP,PET and black white film for milk packaging)were determined under different experimental conditions.The influence of experimental parameters on coefficient of friction of flexible packaging materials was studied.The influence degree of experimental parameters on friction properties were also researched by analysis of variance.The experiment results showed that there were significant differences among different friction pairs.Temperature and static contact time have significant effect (P0.05)on the coefficient of friction.But no significant differences(P0.05)of glide speed and load on coefficient of friction were found under experimental conditions.
Coefficient of friction
Static friction
Experimental research
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