Room‐Temperature Non‐Local Spin Transport in Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus Passivated with MgO (Adv. Electron. Mater. 7/2022)
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Black Phosphorus Passivated with MgO In article number 2101048, Chexin Li, Xiaoguang Xu, Yong Jiang, and co-workers report that black phosphorus (BP) is passivated from H2O and O2 by a thin oxide layer (MgO) which serves as the barrier at the same time to improve the efficiency of spin injection. The passivated BP-based non-local devices show good spin transport performance and are greatly simplified for real applications.Keywords:
Black Phosphorus
We investigate a previously unknown phase of phosphorus that shares its layered structure and high stability with the black phosphorus allotrope. We find the in-plane hexagonal structure and bulk layer stacking of this structure, which we call "blue phosphorus," to be related to graphite. Unlike graphite and black phosphorus, blue phosphorus displays a wide fundamental band gap. Still, it should exfoliate easily to form quasi-two-dimensional structures suitable for electronic applications. We study a likely transformation pathway from black to blue phosphorus and discuss possible ways to synthesize the new structure.
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In this work, emerging metal ion-coordinated black phosphorus nanosheets (M@BPNSs) and quantum dots (M@BPQDs) were prepared via the sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation of bulk black phosphorus (BP) crystals in the presence of a metal ion (M) and solvothermal reaction of the exfoliated few-layer M@BP nanosheets. Based on theoretical calculations, a bonding mode exists between M and BP. Consequently, the adsorption energies of M on BP via the bonding mode are lower than that of M on BP via the non-bonding mode. Under the bonding mode, the adsorption energy of Zn2+ (-2.04 eV) on BP is lower than other M. Zn2+, serves as the preferred M and can be easily adsorbed on the surface of BP. We experimentally prepared emerging M@BPNSs and M@BPQDs, characterized, and compared various morphologies, microstructures and spectra under different conditions. It is verified, that the surface coordination of M with BP protects BP from oxidization and degradation of its nanostructures upon exposure to O2 and H2O. In comparison to the bare BPNSs, Zn@BPNSs showed high microstructural stability. Moreover, in comparison to bare BPQDs, Zn@BPQDs exhibited high colloidal stability and excellent stabilities with fluorescence and photothermal conversion performances. The long-term stabilities are due to the M-coordination with BP through P-M bonding on BP nanostructures. Thus, the excellent long-term stabilities in microstructure, fluorescence and photothermal conversion levels endow the emerging two-dimensional M@BPNSs and zero-dimensional M@BPQDs with great prospects towards promising applications, especially in electronics, optoelectronics, optical and biomedical fields.
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Abstract Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted attention as an anode material for lithium or sodium ion batteries due to its high electrical conductivity and theoretical specific capacity (2596 mAh/g). However, the synthesis of BP requires high-pressure conditions at >1 GPa. We directly demonstrated that carbon nanospaces with the pore size around 4 nm are effective to synthesize BP without an external high-pressure apparatus.
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Few-layer black phosphorous (BP) has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation nanophotonic and nanoelectronic devices. However, rapid ambient degradation of mechanically-exfoliated BP poses challenges in its practical use in devices. In article number 1700152, Sumeet Walia, Vipul Bansal, and co-workers describe an approach that allows the material to remain stable without requiring its isolation from the ambient environment, opening opportunities to implement BP and other environmentally-sensitive two-dimensional (2D) materials for electronic applications.
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Black phosphorus (BP) has received much attention as a two-dimensional layered solid lubricant in reducing friction and protecting against wear. Violet phosphorus (VP) is another stable allotrope of phosphorus with unique layered structures. However, the friction properties of VP have not been explored. Herein, we present a comprehensive study of the atomic-scale friction of BP and VP by friction force microscopy. The friction properties of VP were characterized for the first time. Atomic-scale stick–slip friction measurements along the lattice orientations of BP and VP clearly revealed the correlation between friction anisotropy and crystallographic structures. Relative to the nitrogen atmosphere, the friction behavior of BP and VP in water was also investigated. It was found that the friction coefficient was significantly increased in water, indicating that water was not a good medium for phosphorus achieving superlubricity. The results in this study not only provide in-depth insights into the fundamental friction properties of phosphorus but also pave the crucial pathways toward such applications as lubricants in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems and a phosphorus-based superlubric generator with high efficiency and ultralong life.
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Abstract Black phosphorus (BP) represents a promising tunable bandgap alternative to graphene and other 2D materials in the field of semiconductors. However, its reactivity toward covalent modification of its surface (as a key to its bandgap adjustment) is scarcely reported. Here a method of covalent modification of BP involving reaction with fluorine is reported. Other allotropes of phosphorus are known to react violently with fluorine resulting in its complete burning down and formation of gaseous phosphorus pentafluoride. The results of our fluorination experiments conducted in analogy to the procedures used for fluorination of graphene indicate a successful binding of fluorine to BP. This route of modification of BP opens new possible ways toward covalent modification of the surface of this promising material.
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Black phosphorus, an emerging layered material, exhibits promising applications in diverse fields, ranging from electronics to optics. However, controlled synthesis of black phosphorus, particularly its few-layered counterparts, is still challenging, which should be due to the unclear growth mechanism of black phosphorus. Here, taking the most commonly used Sn-I assisted synthesis of black phosphorus as an example, we propose a growth mechanism of black phosphorus crystals by monitoring the reactions and analyzing the as-synthesized products. In the proposed mechanism, Sn24P19.3I8 is the active site for the growth of black phosphorus, and the black phosphorus crystals are formed with the assistance of SnI2, following a polymerization-like process. In addition, we suggest that all Sn-I assisted synthesis of black phosphorus should share the same reaction mechanism despite the differences among Sn-I containing additives. Our results shown here should shed light on the controlled synthesis of black phosphorus and facilitate further applications of black phosphorus.
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