Ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric detection for uric acid using bifunctional carbon dots
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A bifunctional luminescent Eu-MOF can be applied as a highly selective and sensitive bifunctional luminescence sensor to detect NB and 4-AP through an energy competition mechanism with low detection limits of 5–70 ppm and 5–110 ppm, respectively.
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Photochromic dithienylethene moieties were covalently attached to fluorescent 4,4-difluoro-8-(4'-iodophenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (iodo-BODIPY) via a phenylacetylene linker. UV light induced isomerization of the photochrome results in significant decrease in fluorescence intensity. This fluorescence can be recovered with visible light. Steady-state fluorescence measurements demonstrate that the emission of the dye can be modulated by external light. An intramolecular energy transfer mechanism accounts for the fluorescence quenching in the UV light produced isomers.
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Abstract Homo‐ and hetero‐bifunctional linkers play vital roles in constructing a variety of functional systems, ranging from protein bioconjugates with drugs and functional agents, to surface modification of nanoparticles and living cells, and to the cyclization/dimerization of synthetic polymers and biomolecules. Conventional approaches for assaying conjugation extents typically rely on ex situ techniques, such as mass spectrometry, gel electrophoresis, and size‐exclusion chromatography. If the conjugation process involving bifunctional linkers was rendered fluorogenic, then in situ monitoring, quantification, and optical tracking/visualization of relevant processes would be achieved. In this review, conventional non‐fluorogenic linkers are first discussed. Then the focus is on the evolution and emerging applications of fluorogenic bifunctional linkers, which are categorized into hetero‐bifunctional single‐caging fluorogenic linkers, homo‐bifunctional double‐caging fluorogenic linkers, and hetero‐bifunctional double‐caging fluorogenic linkers. In addition, stimuli‐cleavable bifunctional linkers designed for both conjugation and subsequent site‐specific triggered release are also summarized.
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