Lipid nanoparticle steric stabilization roadmap
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Keywords:
Solid lipid nanoparticle
Stabilizer (aeronautics)
Low Toxic Emulsifiable Concentrates of Pyrethroids with Polyethylene Glycol and Polypropylene Glycol
ポリエチレングリコール (PEG) またはポリプロピレングリコール (PPG) を用いて, ピレスロイドの乳剤化を検討した. PEGおよびPPGの平均分子量 (Mw) がおのおの150および134以上のとき, フェンプロパスリンは10%まで, エスフェンバレレートは20%まで相溶性が良好であった. また, PEGおよびPPGのMwがおのおの150～600および134～300のとき, フェンプロパスリン5, 10%乳剤およびエスフェンバレレート5, 10, 20%乳剤は, いずれも乳化安定性が良好であった. PPG (Mw=300) を溶剤としたフェンプロパスリン5%乳剤の乳化分散性は, 5～20℃では100%であったが, 250Cおよび30℃では約80%とやや低下した. この乳剤に少量の乳化剤を添加すると, 高温での乳化分散性が向上した. PEGまたはPPGを溶剤としたフェンプロパスリンおよびエスフェンバレレート5%乳剤とPEGを溶剤としたフェンバレレート, パーメスリン, d-フェノスリンおよびサイパーメスリン10%乳剤は, いずれも対応する通常の乳剤に比べ急性経口毒性が明らかに軽減された. PEGまたはPPGを溶剤としたエスフェンバレレート5%乳剤は, ウサギの眼に対する刺激性も軽減された. さらに, PEGまたはPPGを溶剤とした乳剤は, 臭気や引火性の面でも通常の乳剤より優れていた. これらの乳剤は, 保存安定性, 低温安定性, 自己乳化性, 生物効力も良好であった.
Polypropylene glycol
PEG 400
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견 피브로인 용액에 PEG를 농도 별로 처리하거나 PEG와 Gly를 혼합하여 사용하여 필름을 제조한 뒤 그 물성을 측정하였다. PEG의 농도가 1%인 견 피브로인 필름에서 32.54 ㎫로 가장 높은 인장강도를 나타냈고, PEG의 농도가 높아질수록 인장강도는 감소하였다. 인장강도와는 반대로 PEG의 농도가 증가할수록 신장률은 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 PEG의 농도가 3%서 4.5%로 증가할 때 350% 이상의 높은 증가율을 보였고 또한 투습도의 경우 66% 증가하였다. PEG와 Gly의 비율을 다르게 한 경우 인장강도는 PEG:Gly의 비가 100:0일 때 13.72 ㎫로 가장 높았고, 0:100일 때 4.58 ㎫로 가장 낮았다. 이에 반하여 신장률은 PEG:Gly의 비가 75:25일 때 130.95%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 투습도의 경우 Gly만을 넣어 만든 경우 5.13 ngㆍm/㎡s㎩로 투습도가 가장 높게 나타났고 Gly의 비가 높아질수록 투습도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 전체적인 Hunter L, a, b와 ΔE 값은 PEG농도와 PEG:Gly의 혼합하여 만든 필름 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 본 실험 결과 견 피브로인 필름의 가소제로써 PEG와 Gly를 혼합하여 사용할 경우 PEG만을 사용하여 만든 필름보다 신장률이 크게 증가하며, 또한 PEG와 Gly을 75:25의 비로 혼용하여 사용한 경우가 Gly의 첨가로 투습도가 조금 증가하기는 하였으나 인장강도는 상업용 LDPE(low density polyethylene)와 유사한 수치를 나타내면서도 높은 신장률을 가지고 있기 때문에 식품포장재로 활용이 가장 적합하다고 판단된다.
Fibroin
PEG 400
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Fengci mulberry seeds being used as material,the effects of the different contents of polyethylene glycol(PEG)(0,1,2.5,5,7.5 and 10 g/L-simulated drought stress on mulberry seed germination and physiology were studied.The results showed that the germination velocity,ratio and potential of the seeds that were treated with 1 % PEG were higher than the CK,but those of other treatments were obviously decreased as the increase of the content of PEG.The seeds treated with 10 %PEG did not germinate after 5 days.The proline content was decreased when they were treated with low content of PEG and increased when they were treated with high content of PEG,but the content of dissoluble protein and sugar was increased along with the increase of the content of PEG.
Drought stress
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Protoplast
Cell fusion
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Synthesis of a variety of 1,5-benzothiazepines using polyethylene glycol PEG-400 as a medium and promoter.The synthesis is carried out using ultrasonic irradiation.The advantage of this protocol is that it eco-friendly, mild reaction conditions and the synthesis highlights the use of ultrasound irradiation.
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Molecular mass
Gel permeation chromatography
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Laxative
PEG 400
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14C-labelled polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5 muCi/l) was used as a non-absorbable marker in human jejunum both with and without carrier PEG (5 g/l). Calculation of net water flux was virtually identical whether or not the carrier PEG was included in the perfusion solution. 14C-PEG alone is a satisfactory non-absorbable marker for perfusion studies in the human jejunum.
Jejunum
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This review projects the prospects and issues faced by solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in current scenarios, specially related to its clinical implementation and effectiveness. We re-examine the basic concept of biobehavior and movement of SLNs as a nanomedicine carrier. The extensive survey of the uptake and absorption mechanism from different routes, distribution pattern, targeting efficiency, effect of surface functionalization on biodistribution, elimination pathways and toxic effects have been documented. In general, the objective of this review is to boost our knowledge about the interaction of SLNs with the bioenvironment, their movement in, and effect on, a living system and future prospects.
Solid lipid nanoparticle
Biodistribution
Surface Modification
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We have used two general approaches to facilit:1te the growth of protein c1ystals for X-ray diffi•action experiments.The first approach is called SAF, for smallest, active fi:agment.SAF is simply a logical extension of the old observation that proteolytic fi•agments of proteins often both harbour complete biological activity and form useful c1ystals more reaclily than the full length protein.However, rather than depend on the fortuitous position of protease recognition sites, SAF couples partial proteolysis with deletion analysis in order to refine the bmmdaries of the domain of interest.In practice, an iterative cycle of partial proteolysis, deletion analysis, biochemical assays, protein over-expression and c1ystallization is used to identify a domain that fonm diffraction-quality crystals.SAF capitalizes on the ease and rapidity of subcloning, overexpressing and pmifying proteins as well as the technical ease and availability ofN-tenninal sequencing and mass spectrometry.We have used the SAF approach for three proteins, and we have generated fragments of each that were suitable for str11cture detemrination.The second approach.lipid-layer seeding, uses lipid monolayers to seed c1ystal growth.We observed several years ago that two-din1ensional protein cryst:1ls grown on lipid layers effectively nucleate the epita\.ialgrowth of three din1ensional protein c1yst:1ls.In this way, crystals suitable for X -ray crystallography can be grow11 more rapidly, and at subst:mtially lower protein concentrations and precipit:mts than for conventional c1ystal 1:Iials.The methodology has now been developed such that the procedure takes only a few seconds per c1ystal trial.We are now applying the method to an assortment of proteins in an effort to demonstr•ate the generality of the approach.
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