Identifying and preventing the neurotoxic effects of pesticides
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Introduction. The Pesticides Dilemma. The Role and Use of Pesticides in Health. The Role and Use of Pesticides in Agriculture. The Role and Use of Pesticides in the Forest and on Rights-of-Way. The Role of Pesticides for the Homeowner. Testing Procedures in Pesticide Development. Fungicides and Their Uses. Herbicides and Their Uses. Insecticides and Their Uses. Rodenticides and Their Uses. Piscicides and Their Uses. Avicides and Their Uses. Pesticides in Soil. Pesticides in Water. Pesticides in Air. Pesticides in Food. Pesticides and Birds. Pesticides and Mammals. Pesticides in the Biosphere. Pesticide Legislation. Epilogue. References. Index.
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One hundred and one pesticides listed as “Complementary Items for Setting the Targets for Water Quality Management in Japan” were divided into 16 groups on the basis of their structures. The degradation of 96 pesticides and 5 oxidation by-products in chlorination was studied to determine the potential of the purification process. Pesticides containing sulfur (S) were easily degraded; for 38 pesticides out of 46 examined pesticides, only 50 % or less of their original concentration remained after 4 hours. On the other hand, pesticides without S were hardly degraded; for 45 pesticides out of 50 examined pesticides, more than 50 % of their original concentration remained even after 24 hours. Thus, the potential for degradation of the pesticides by chlorination can be approximated by the presence or absence of S in their chemical formulae. Oxons (P=O), which are oxidation by-products of organophosphate pesticides containing P=S, were hardly degraded. Therefore, oxons may remain in chlorinated water for a long time.
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