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    A High Time Resolution All-Sky Monitor for Fast Radio Bursts and Technosignatures
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    Abstract:
    Despite hundreds of Fast Radio Burst (FRB) detections at frequencies above 400 MHz, only a handful of FRBs have been observed at lower frequencies, hence the FRB rates at frequencies below 350 MHz remain highly uncertain. This paper describes our efforts to increase the observing bandwidth (to ∼40 MHz) and imaging time resolution (to ∼10 ms) of the Engineering Development Array 2 (EDA2), a prototype station of the low-frequency Square Kilometre Array (SKA-Low), which will increase its sensitivity to short, FRB-like, radio pulses by two orders of magnitude and convert it into a high-time resolution all-sky monitor for FRBs and signals from extraterrestrial intelligence (techno-signatures). Based on highly uncertain FRB rates at these frequencies and sensitivity of SKA-Low stations, we expect to detect up to hundreds of FRBs per year and firmly establish the FRB rates in this relatively under-explored parameter space.
    Keywords:
    Fast radio burst
    Radio Astronomy
    Ranging
    Low resolution
    The study of celestial objects through radio astronomy has enhanced our understanding of a gamut of astronomical phenomena that are often invisible or faintly observable in other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. A number of new sources of radio emission have been identified that include radio galaxies, quasars, pulsars, masers etc. Radio astronomy uses either single telescope or a number of telescopes that are linked together and utilizes the techniques of radio interferometry. Typically, the signals encountered in radio astronomy have very low signal-noise ratio, and hence radio telescopes usually tend to be very sensitive and large. As a result, they also have high angular resolution. The mechanical constraints of building even larger telescopes led to the use of radio interferometer to achieve higher resolution that can be achieved through a single telescope. Radio astronomy receivers use cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifiers and low-loss components in the RF path. High gain, low spillover, low crosspolarization, low far-out sidelobes, etc. are important features of a radio telescope.
    Radio Astronomy
    Very-long-baseline interferometry
    Galactic astronomy
    Equations are derived for the number of sources which a radio telescope can detect and the number which it can resolve. Based on these relations curves for the number of sources which can be both detected and resolved, as a function of frequency and aperture, are presented. The need for large apertures in order that radio astronomy deal with significant numbers of sources is evident. It is also pointed out that there is a most economical frequency for radio astronomy in the vicinity of 300 mc. A design for a radio telescope which provides a large aperture at low cost is described. It consists of a fixed standing parabolic reflector with a tiltable flat-sheet reflector. The advantages of the design are pointed out and the results with a scale model are described.
    Reflector (photography)
    Radio Astronomy
    Aperture (computer memory)
    Reflecting telescope
    Aperture synthesis
    Parabolic antenna
    Radio Astronomy
    Superheterodyne receiver
    Very-long-baseline interferometry
    Various methods of radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation methods at radio astronomy telescopes are being considered. Special attention is given to real-time processing algorithms. Computer simulations and observational results are used to describe the applicability of these methods. Best results can be achieved when the RFI mitigation procedures are adapted to the particular radio telescope, the type of observations, and the peculiarities of the RFI environment. A combination of different linear and non-linear methods in the temporal and frequency domains, with and without the use of reference antennas, may give considerable suppression of strong RFI.
    Radio Astronomy
    Observational astronomy
    Citations (163)
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    LOFAR
    Radio Astronomy
    Very-long-baseline interferometry
    Terabyte
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    Radio Astronomy
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    Baseline (sea)
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    Methods of radio frequency interference suppression in radio astronomy are considered. Estimations of signal-to-noise ratio for temporal and frequency methods of RFI rejection are made. Implementation of these methods in real-time digital signal processing could be an effective mean for supporting radio astronomy observations in worsening radio ecology environment. Radio telescope RATAN-600 experience shows the advantages of such a processing.
    Radio Astronomy
    High frequency
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    This work considers a combined structural-electromagnetic analysis of large dish reflector antennas typically used in radio astronomy. The effect of gravitational deformation on the radio telescope is quantified by a structural analysis conducted with a finite element solver. The deformed geometry is then analysed using a computational electromagnetic package from which the performance degradation can be assessed. This offers key insights into the operation of the radio telescope under the influence of external forces, such as gravity.
    Multiphysics
    Reflector (photography)
    Radio Astronomy