Efficient Photothermal Elimination of Formaldehyde under Visible Light at Room Temperature by a MnOx-Modified Multi-Porous Carbon Sphere
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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exert a serious impact on the environment and human health. The development of new technologies for the elimination of VOCs, especially those from non-industrial emission sources, such as indoor air pollution and other low-concentration VOCs exhaust gases, is essential for improving environmental quality and human health. In this study, a monolithic photothermocatalyst was prepared by stabilizing manganese oxide on multi-porous carbon spheres to facilitate the elimination of formaldehyde (HCHO). This catalyst exhibited excellent photothermal synergistic performance. Therefore, by harvesting only visible light, the catalyst could spontaneously heat up its surface to achieve a thermal catalytic oxidation state suitable for eliminating HCHO. We found that the surface temperature of the catalyst could reach to up 93.8 °C under visible light, achieving an 87.5% HCHO removal efficiency when the initial concentration of HCHO was 160 ppm. The microporous structure on the surface of the carbon spheres not only increased the specific surface area and loading capacity of manganese oxide but also increased their photothermal efficiency, allowing them to reach a temperature high enough for MnOx to overcome the activation energy required for HCHO oxidation. The relevant catalyst characteristics were analyzed using XRD, measurement of BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy, HR-TEM, XPS, and DRS. Results obtained from a cyclic performance test indicated high stability and potential application of the MnOx-modified multi-porous carbon sphere.Keywords:
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Activated carbon was prepared from pyrolyzed pinewood char using KOH, H3PO4, H2O2, and heat-only treatments. Activated carbon prepared by the heat-only treatment had a total surface area of 233.2 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.138 cm3/g, a microporous surface area of 129.9 m2/g, and a microporous volume of 0.07 cm3/g. The most significant improvement of pore properties for the chemically treated pinewood char was obtained by the KOH treatment, which produced a total surface area of 1124.4 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.723 cm3/g, a microporous surface area of 923.6 m2/g, and a microporous volume of 0.485 cm3/g. After the H3PO4 treatment, pinewood char had a total surface area of 455.5 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.251 cm3/g, a microporous surface area of 393.3 m2/g, and a microporous volume of 0.211 cm3/g. The least significant improvement was obtained from the H2O2 treatment, which produced a total surface area of 363.0 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.202 cm3/g, a microporous surface area of 271.5 m2/g, and a microporous volume of 0.141 cm3/g. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to compare separate treatment stabilities and functional group properties.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Silica-based Microporous Materials Germanium-based Microporous Materials Phosphate-based Microporous Materials Synthetic Clays Conclusion References
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Abstract As a new minimally invasive technique, photothermal therapy has attracted worldwide attention in the treatment of cancer. Photothermal therapy kills cancer cells by converting photon energy into heat energy. At the time of selection, the photothermal agents will be required to be water solubility, cytotoxicity, high photothermal conversion efficiency, metabolic pathway and so on. This report introduces the current research status of various nanoparticles used in photothermal therapy, and looks forward to the future development of photothermal therapy.
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BET equation was used to calculate surface area of different powder solids,such as mesoporous Al_2O_3 and microporous zeolites,at different relative pressure(P/P_0).The results showed that when relative pressure is in the range of 0.01-0.10,surface area of microporous materials calculated is more reliable.For most microporous materials,BET surface area calculated at P/P_0=0.05-0.20 is less than that at P/P_0=0.01-0.10.For some hydrothermally-treated ZSM-5 samples,their isotherms have hysteresis loop at lower relative pressure;BET surface area calculated at P/P_0=0.05-0.20 is smaller that that calculated at P/P_0=0.01-0.10.The more microporous material in the catalysts,the larger the difference in BET surface area calculated at the two relative pressure ranges.For some pure zeolites,this difference can be up to 15%.
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Activated carbons are prepared from hemp stem with KOH as activating agent under different ratio of KOH to carbon conditions. The BET(Brunauer Emmett and Teller) specific surface area of the hemp stem-based activated carbons first increases and then decreases with the increasing ratio of KOH to carbon. The specific surface area, micropore surface area and volume of the activated carbons reach a maximum of 1589.27m 2 /g 1420.52m 2 /g, 89% of the total area, 0.751m 3 /g at the ratio of 4.5:1. The micropore size distribution shows the activated carbons contain a large number of ultramicropore and supermicropore.
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To quantitatively describe and analyze specific surface area and pore structure of graphite fibers,in this paper,nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of graphite fibers were measured by low temperature nitrogen adsorption method at liquid nitrogen temperature and different pressures.It showed that graphite fibers are microporous material which contains a large number of microporous and a few of mesoporous;the BET specific surface area,total pore volume and average pore size of graphite fibers were 541.00m2/g,0.2436cm3/g and 1.8010nm,respectively,and the specific surface area,pore volume and pore diameter of its microporous were 535.53m2 / g,0.2331cm3/g and 0.9896nm,respectively;there is a narrow pore size distribution of graphite fibers,which are a large number of microporous about 1.4nm and a few of mesoporous about 2.0-7.7nm,and the microporous is the greatest contribution to the specific surface area and the pore volume.
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