Effect of Pyroligneous Acid on the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Greenhouse Tomato
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Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a reddish-brown liquid obtained through the condensation of smoke formed during biochar production. PA contains bioactive compounds that can be utilized in agriculture to improve plant productivity and quality of edible parts. In this study, we investigated the biostimulatory effect of varying concentrations of PA (i.e., 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% PA/ddH2O (v/v)) application on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Scotia’) plant growth and fruit quality under greenhouse conditions. Plants treated with 0.25% PA exhibited a significantly (p < 0.001) higher sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and a comparable leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. The total number of fruits was significantly (p < 0.005) increased by approximately 65.6% and 34.4% following the application of 0.5% and 0.25% PA, respectively, compared to the control. The 0.5% PA enhanced the total weight of fruits by approximately 25.5%, while the 0.25% PA increased the elemental composition of the fruits. However, the highest PA concentration of 2% significantly (p > 0.05) reduced plant growth and yield, but significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced tomato fruit juice Brix, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and titratable acidity. Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly (p < 0.001) increased by the 2% PA. However, the highest carotenoid content was obtained with the 0.5% and 1% PA treatments. Additionally, PA treatment of the tomato plants resulted in a significantly (p < 0.001) high total ascorbate content, but reduced fruit peroxidase activity compared to the control. These indicate that PA can potentially be used as a biostimulant for a higher yield and nutritional quality of tomato.Keywords:
Titratable acid
Stomatal Conductance
An experiment of foliage application of 0.3% MnSO 4 or 0.3% FeSO 4 solution to Shimenzaoshuo chestnut trees,three-year old,was conducted to explore effect of the foliage application on photosynthesis of the chestnut leaves.Photosynthetic indexes,such as chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO 2 concentration,water use efficiency(WUE) and stomatal limitation were measured between 10:00 am and 11:00 am with SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and CIRAS-2 photosynthetic instrument on sunny days.Results show that the application of either of the solutions increased chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and WUE of the chestnut leaves and the application of FeSO 4 solution also improved stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the trees.Analysis of the diurnal variation of photosynthetic indices reveals that the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves of young chestnut trees varied following a curve of parabolic shape with a peak appearing at 1:00 pm.In CK,the stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate of the young chestnut leaves displayed a curve ofMshape,while in the treatments of foliage application,they did a curve of parabolic shape,indicating that the foliage application of the solutions is conducive to enhancing photosynthetic capacity of the young chestnut tree leaves.
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A portable photosynthesis system was used to study the photosynthetic characteristics of Gentiana macrophylla Pall, and G. dahurica Fisch. at the flowering stage. The results indicated that the in the two plants, the net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates and stomatal conductance varied in a double-peak curve and presented a clear midday depression. The net photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates and stomatal conductance in G. dahurica Fisch. were significantly higher that those in G. macrophylla Pall.by 2.7μmol CO2 · m-2 · s-1 ,1.5 mmol · m-2 · s-1 and 140. 7 mmol · m-2 · s- 1,respectively,but the leaf temperature of G. dahurica Fisch. was 2. 8 C higher than that of G. dahurica Fisch. Related analysis showed that the temperature and sunshine exerted influence on the photosynthesis of two plants at the flowering stage to some extent and the transpiration rates and stomatal conductance regulated the photosynthesis, whereas the decreased photosynthetic rates in the two plants resulted from non-stomatal factors.
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Abstract Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis declined steadily with decreasing leaf water potential in seedlings of peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] grown in large pots containing about 84 kg of steam-sterilized sandy loam soil under controlled environmental conditions. Growth and transpiration were reduced mainly through the effect of stomatal closure as soon as water stress commenced.
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The objective was to evaluate the effect of chlorpyrifos on stomatal
conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration on yerba mate (Ilex
paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) plants. The experiment was conducted in a
chamber under controlled conditions. The plants (one/pot) were sprayed
with three doses (50, 100 and 150 ppm of chlorpyrifos) and a non
pesticide-sprayed control. Stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and
transpiration were evaluated at 1, 7 and 21 days after pesticide
application. The mentioned traits were not affected by the pesticide
application doses. However, significative differences were found as the
plants were growing and traits increased between 7 and 21 days in 300%
for stomatal conductance, 116% for photosynthesis and 285% for
transpiration.
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Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of greenhouse grape were studied in Zhangye irrigation experiment station.The results showed that:the changes of net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(Gs)were all double-peak curves.The moderate regulated deficit in the sprout stage had the highest WUE.Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance value had a significant positive correlation.Compared to contrast treatment,the correlation coefficient between the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under regulated deficit was higher than that in the contrast treatment,which showed that a certain water stress could improve the ability of plant regulating environment through the stomatal.
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Abstract Stomatal conductance and transpiration were measured on normally‐irrigated (NI) and water‐stressed (WS) field‐grown cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) exposed throughout the growing season to a gradient of ozone (O 3 ) concentrations. Environmental conditions during the growing season strongly affected stomatal responses and yield reductions due to O 3 exposure. Maximum stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increased O 3 concentration both in NI and WS treatments. Maximum conductance in severely O 3 ‐stressed plants averaged 30% lower than charcoal‐filtered (control) plants, but maximum transpiration was only 17% lower. Conductance in WS plots averaged 22% lower than in NI plots but transpiration rates were the same in both treatments. Yield reductions induced by O 3 were highly correlated ( r 2 = 0.84) with daily transpiration. Stomata of O 3 ‐stressed plants opened and closed at the same rate as control plants in response to changes in light intensity, suggesting that the mechanism of stomatal movement had not been impaired by exposure to O 3 . Reductions in conductance and transpiration in O 3 ‐stressed plants were attributed to inhibition of photosynthesis by O 3 , leading to accumulation of CO 2 in intercellular spaces.
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Elevated atmospheric CO2 is not only a reaction caused by a series of climate change,but also has a significant impact on plant physiological process and growth.This article analyses the research progress on the leaf stomatal density,stomatal conductance,plant photosynthesis,transpiration and water use efficiency under the condition of high atmospheric CO2 enrichment.It is found out that under such condition stomatal density decreases significantly,and stomatal conductance also decreases significantly(30%).Plant photosynthesis increases by 50%～100% in general.The decreased rate of transpiration may differ on different plant,about 10%～70%.The water use efficiency(WUE) increases,and its increasing rate under adequate nitrogen treatment is more obvious than that under inadequate treatment.And analysis is made of the interrelationship between them.The conclusion can be used as theoretical basis for breeding crop varieties with high water use and water-saving efficiency.
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