Local Functional Connectivity as a Parsimonious Explanation of the Main Frameworks for ADHD in Medication-Naïve Adults
Luis Marcos‐VidalMagdalena Martínez‐GarciaDaniel Martín de BlasFrancisco J. Navas‐SánchezClara PretusJosep Antoni Ramos‐QuirogaVanesa RicharteÓscar VilarroyaJorge SepulcreManuel DescoSusanna Carmona
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Objective: Neuroimaging studies in children with ADHD indicate that their brain exhibits an atypical functional connectivity pattern characterized by increased local connectivity and decreased distant connectivity. We aim to evaluate if the local and distant distribution of functional connectivity is also altered in adult samples with ADHD who have never received medication before. Methods: We compared local and distant functional connectivity between 31 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 31 healthy controls and tested whether this pattern was associated with symptoms severity scores. Results: ADHD sample showed increased local connectivity in the dACC and the SFG and decreased local connectivity in the PCC. Conclusion: Results parallel those obtained in children samples suggesting a deficient integration within the DMN and segregation between DMN, FPN, and VAN. These results are consistent with the three main frameworks that explain ADHD: the neurodevelopmental delay hypothesis, the DMN interference hypothesis, and multi-network models.Cite
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The importance of studying connectivity in the aging brain is increasingly recognized. Recent studies have shown that connectivity within the default mode network is reduced with age and have demonstrated a clear relation of these changes with cognitive functioning. However, research on age-related changes in other functional networks is sparse and mainly focused on prespecified functional networks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated age-related changes in functional connectivity during a visual oddball task in a range of functional networks. It was found that compared with young participants, elderly showed a decrease in connectivity between areas belonging to the same functional network. This was found in the default mode network and the somatomotor network. Moreover, in all identified networks, elderly showed increased connectivity between areas within these networks and areas belonging to different functional networks. Decreased connectivity within functional networks was related to poorer cognitive functioning in elderly. The results were interpreted as a decrease in the specificity of functional networks in older participants.
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We appreciate the interest in our review and we are grateful for the comment by Gambazza S. [...]
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This study examined functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) and examined brain-behavior relationships in a pilot cohort of children with chronic mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI).Compared to uninjured peers, children with TBI demonstrated less anti-correlated functional connectivity between DMN and right Brodmann Area 40 (BA 40). In children with TBI, more anomalous less anti-correlated) connectivity between DMN and right BA 40 was linked to poorer performance on response inhibition tasks.Collectively, these preliminary findings suggest that functional connectivity between DMN and BA 40 may relate to longterm functional outcomes in chronic pediatric TBI.
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April 25, 2018April 10, 2018Free AccessNegative BOLD Response and Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network are Representative of Two Overlapping but Separate Neurophysiological Processes (P4.191)David Parker and Qolamreza RazlighiAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 10, 2018 issue90 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.90.15_supplement.P4.191 Letters to the Editor
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the contribution and goals of functional neuroimaging. It presents a detailed discussion on the goals of functional neuroimaging, including neuroanatomical localization of cognitive processes, testing current theories of cognition, and neural models. The chapter reviews the work of functional neuroimaging in cognitive science and looks into its progress, and, finally, addresses questions related to functional neuroimaging and cognitive neuroimaging studies.
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