Diversity and Agronomic Performance of Lupinus mutabilis Germplasm in European and Andean Environments
Agata GulisanoSofia AlvesD. RodríguezÁngel MurilloBert-Jan van DinterAndrés F. TorresMilton Gordillo-RomeroMaría de Lourdes TorresJoão Neves-MartinsMaria‐João PauloLuisa M. Trindade
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The introduction of Lupinus mutabilis (Andean lupin) in Europe will provide a new source of protein and oil for plant-based diets and biomass for bio-based products, while contributing to the improvement of marginal soils. This study evaluates for the first time the phenotypic variability of a large panel of L. mutabilis accessions both in their native environment and over two cropping conditions in Europe (winter crop in the Mediterranean region and summer crop in North-Central Europe), paving the way for the selection of accessions adapted to specific environments. The panel of 225 accessions included both germplasm pools from the Andean region and breeding lines from Europe. Notably, we reported higher grain yield in Mediterranean winter-cropping conditions (18 g/plant) than in the native region (9 g/plant). Instead, North European summer-cropping conditions appear more suitable for biomass production (up to 2 kg/plant). The phenotypic evaluation of 16 agronomical traits revealed significant variation in the panel. Principal component analyses pointed out flowering time, yield, and architecture-related traits as the main factors explaining variation between accessions. The Peruvian material stands out among the top-yielding accessions in Europe, characterized by early lines with high grain yield (e.g., LIB065, LIB072, and LIB155). Bolivian and Ecuadorian materials appear more valuable for the selection of genotypes for Andean conditions and for biomass production in Europe. We also observed that flowering time in the different environments is influenced by temperature accumulation. Within the panel, it is possible to identify both early and late genotypes, characterized by different thermal thresholds (600°C-700°C and 1,000-1,200°C GDD, respectively). Indications on top-yielding and early/late accessions, heritability of morpho-physiological traits, and their associations with grain yield are reported and remain largely environmental specific, underlining the importance of selecting useful genetic resources for specific environments. Altogether, these results suggest that the studied panel holds the genetic potential for the adaptation of L. mutabilis to Europe and provide the basis for initiating a breeding program based on exploiting the variation described herein.Keywords:
Germ plasm
Mediterranean Basin
Plant Breeding
Lupinus
Lupinus
Sparteine
White (mutation)
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Two sets of germplasm, one of local collection and another of introduced lines comprising 89 and 50 lines respectively were evaluated in 1980–81 and in 1981–82 respectively. Correlation coefficients among various characters as well as path analysis of five characters were estimated for the both sets of germplasm. Seed yield was found to have high positive correlation with pods/plant, primary and secondary branches in both sets of germplasm. Seed weight did not show any relationship with yield in the local germplasm but showed high positive association with yield in the exotic germplasm. Pods/plant was found to have high positive correlation with primary and secondary branches. In both sets of germplasm, pods/plant had high direct effect da seed yield, but only in the exotic germplasm, pods/plant had high direct effect on seed yield, but only in the exotic germplasm 100-seed weight had high direct effect on seed yield. Secondary branches had no direct effect on seed, but its indirect effect through pods/plant was high.
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Positive correlation
Non-invasive ventilation
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Seed color of broomcorn millet germplasm is broomcorn millets' main agronomic traits. Seed color classification shows that the particle has the highest percentage of germplasm, white grain germplasm followed. But feature identificationh indicates that white grain germplasm has the biggest advantage and yellow grain germplasm follows,which suggests that grain germplasm has the highest evolution degree, but yellow grain germplasm has bigger advantage in adaptability and growth period, than the white grain germplasm. It results bigger germplasm proportion in yellow grain germplasm than the white medium in classification. The red, brown, and grey multicolor grain germplasm also have their own characteristics and play their different roles in broomcorn millet production.
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White (mutation)
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Super high yield rice breeding in China was reviewed.The super rice breeding was divided into two stages,including super high yielding rice breeding and super rice breeding.The construction of rice core germplasm breeding system was demonstrated from theoretical system and breeding materials.The rice core germplasm breeding system was the combining outcome of rice breeding theory and practice.The rice core germplasms were breeding materials with some excellent characters,controlling some excellent characters by special gene community or gene system,replacing along the breeding goals in process of quality improvement,and expanding gene community until comprehensively accorded with the breeding goals.The platform for rice core germplasm breeding was constructed(research for yield character breeding).Heredity breeding was studied in four parts,including hereditary evolvement of the rice core germplasm,research for ideal hereditary model,molecular breeding of effective yield gene and the discovery of high yield gene from cultivated rice and wild rice,and root biology breeding.
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Breeding program
Molecular breeding
Plant Breeding
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Lupinus
Lupinus angustifolius
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Fourteen traits of 52 germplasm resources from China and abroad were analysed using cluster analysis method. A classification system of flax was established. All germplasm resources involved was divided into 4 groups. GroupⅠ consisted of 10 germplasm. Group Ⅱ consisted of 37 germplasm and may have 2 subgroups, subgroup Ⅰ included main planted germplasm of flax in China. Group Ⅲ consisted of 1 germplasm . Group Ⅵ included 4 germplasm.
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A further investigation of the isoflavonoid constituents occurring in roots of the white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij Mutant) has yielded five new Coumaronochromones named lupinalbin A (1a), B (2a), C (3), D (4) and E (5). These isoflavonoids were identified by physicochemical methods involving the use of biogenetically related 2'-hydroxyisoflavones as reference compounds. The presence of the rare dihydrofurano-isoflavone, erythrinin C (16), in white lupin roots has also been established.
Lupinus
Isoflavonoid
White (mutation)
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A further investigation of the isoflavonoid constituents occurring in roots of the white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Kievskij Mutant) has yielded five new coumaronochromones named lupinalbin A (la), B (2a), C (3), D (4) and E (5). These isoflavonoids were identified by physicochemical methods involving the use of biogenetically related 2′-hydroxyisoflavones as reference compounds. The presence of the rare dihydrofurano-isoflavone, erythrinin C (16), in white lupin roots has also been established.
Lupinus
Isoflavonoid
Streptomyces albus
White (mutation)
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The present experiment used Tuxpeno,Suwan1,Double M9(DM9) and Ye 478 to obtain 9 maize populations with 25 %-75 % tropic and subtropical germplasm.NCⅡ design was adopted in this experiment to study the combining ability and heterotic of the 12 maize population combined with testers of Dan340,Chang7-2,Mo17,Qi319,CML161,CI44 and Tafa2.The results showed that the general combining ability(GCA) of Tuxpeno,Suwan1,the populations with 50 %-75 % DM9 and 75 % Tuxpeno germplasm proportion were higher than the others,whereas the GCA of the populations with 25 %-50 % Tuxpeno,50 % Suwan1 and 25 % DM9 germplasm proportion were lower.In the mode of tropic germplasm combining with tropic germplasm,different combinations with tropic germplasm all obtained higher yield and the highest yield were observed in the combinations with 50 %-75 % tropic germplasm combined with CML 161 and CI44.In the mode of tropic germplasm combining with temperate germplasm,the heterosis between combinations with different proportional tropic germplasm combined with temperate testers showed significant differences.The combining ability of Tuxpeno and populations with 25 % other tropic germplasm combined with Dan340 was lower.The inbred lines CML161 and CI44 could effectively identify different materials and were good testers for local maize germplasm.
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According to classification of maize germplasm resources, characteristics of all kinds of germplasm resources were evaluated in this paper. Strengthening research of local and foreign germplasm, especially research and utilization of semi-tropical and related wild species germplasm was an important route to develop genetic base of maize germplasm.
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Genetic Resources
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