The Effects of Processing on Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Sorghum Grains
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Sorghum is ranked the fifth most commonly used cereal and is rich in many kinds of bioactive compounds. Food processing can affect the accumulation and decomposition of bioactive compounds in sorghum grains, and then change the biological activities of sorghum grains. The present review aims to analyze the effects of processing technologies on bioactive compounds and the biological activities of sorghum grains. Decortication reduces the total phenols, tannins, and antioxidant activity of sorghum grains. The effects of thermal processes on bioactive compounds and potential biological activities of sorghum grains are complicated due to thermal treatment method and thermal treatment conditions, such as extrusion cooking, which has different effects on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of sorghum due to extrusion conditions, such as temperature and moisture, and food matrices, such as whole grain and bran. Emerging thermal processes, such as microwave heating and high-pressure processing, could promote the release of bound phenolic substances and procyanidins, and are recommended. Biological processes can increase the nutritive and nutraceutical quality and reduce antinutritional compounds, except for soaking which reduces water-soluble compounds in sorghum.Keywords:
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Background: Nutraceuticals are bioactive substances which are known for their therapeutic activity against a wide range of diseases. The term nutraceutical is derived from the terms 'nutrition' and 'pharmaceuticals' and refers to a food product that elicits medical health benefits for the prevention and cure of diseases. A nutraceutical has been investigated and indicated to exhibit physiological benefits and protection against various chronic diseases like cancers, cardiovascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, etc. Aim: The aim of the current review article is to distinguish nutraceuticals from possibly confusing terms like functional foods, medical foods, and dietary supplements with their detailed classification. This paper presents the use of researched nutraceutical products to treat various diseases. Last, the attention on the commercialized nutraceutical products with certain safety regulations is elaborated as a growing concern. Nutraceuticals will be greatly important in human health as they provide all the essential components of a healthy diet. Conclusion & Future: With an aim to improve the quality of life at present, nutraceutical represents the fastest-growing segment of today's food industry. The future is centered on the newly designed foods stocked at the supermarkets providing a better standard of life, giving a healthier way of living to people reaching throughout the world. Keywords: Dietary supplements, marketed nutraceuticals, nutraceuticals therapy, therapeutic agents.
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<p>Rice bran is a feed ingredient as a result of the rice milling process which widely used as an energy source in the feed formulation in the chicken diet. Rice bran contains various nutrients such as oil, protein, carbohydrates (especially starch), beta-glucans, and pectins. Rice bran contains bioactive compounds that have positive effects on the chicken performance and health. Recently, rice bran’s bioactive compounds have been developed as a source of making functional feed. The objective of this study was to review the bioactive compounds in rice bran and their benefits in order to produce chicken’s functional feed. The results of the study showed that rice bran contains oryzanol as an important bioactive compound that has high antioxidant activity. Furthermore, other bioactive compound, lysolecithin, has an ability to reduce cholesterol content in blood, meat and eggs of chicken. Besides, rice bran extract is reported to exert antibacterial activity and has immunomodulator function. It was concluded that the bioactive compounds of rice bran is potential to be used as a substance for making functional feed for chickens.</p>
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The average adult in Britain eats about 6 g of cereal fibre a day. The fibre derived from bran is unusual in that a high proportion escapes fermentation in the colon and so can influence large bowel function. Bran comes from the outer layers of wheat grain and its fibre content varies from 30–50% depending on the milling process and on the variety of wheat. Foods rich in bran include wholemeal bread, whole grain biscuits and selected breakfast cereals.
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Global demand, Regulatory aspect and Current research and Future prospect of Nutraceutical: A Review
Nutraceuticals are the supplements that help to prevent disease and maintain the normal body function. Nutraceuticals are gaining popularity due to their nutritional and medicinal effect. The world wide nutraceutical market is valued USD 117 billion, according to estimates. Herbal nutraceuticals support in maintenance of good health and the increase the health life. Nutraceuticals have shown promising outcomes in the treatment of cancer, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other ailments. The goal of this review is to provide a information of the different bioactive substances that can be used as nutraceuticals like (nutrients, phytochemicals, alkaloids, medicinal plants) and their role in health benefits and the regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals also covered in this article.
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Bioactive compounds are abundant in nature, particularly in plants, which have the capacity to synthesize phenolics, flavonoids, caffeine, carotenoids, and much more. Different bioactive compounds can change or alter the life process due to their different biological activities. This book examines bioactive compounds and their sources, structures, and potential uses in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, medicine, cosmetics, and food processing.
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Nutraceuticals help in combating some of the major health problems of the century including cancer, and 'nutraceutical formulations' have led to the new era of medicine and health.To develop different nutraceutical formulations and to assess the anticancer potential of nutraceutical formulations in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary cancer in Sprague Dawley rats.Different nutraceutical formulations were prepared using fine powders of amla, apple, garlic, onion, papaya, turmeric, and wheat grass with and without cow urine distillate. Total phenolic content, acute oral toxicity, and microbial load of nutraceutical formulations were assessed. The anticancer potential of nutraceutical formulations was evaluated against MNU-induced mammary cancer in female Sprague Dawley rats.Improvement in total phenolic content was significant (P < 0.001) after self-fortification process. Toxicity studies showed that the nutraceutical formulations were safe to use in animals. Microbial load was within the limits. Significant longer tumor-free days (P < 0.01), lower tumor incidence (P < 0.01), lower tumor multiplicity (P < 0.05) and tumor burden (P < 0.01) were observed for nutraceutical formulation-treated groups.Combination of whole food-based nutraceuticals acted synergistically in the prevention of mammary cancer. Further, the process of fortification is novel and enhanced the anticancer potential of nutraceutical formulations.Nutraceuticals help in combating some of the major health problems of the century including cancer, and 'nutraceutical formulations' have led to the new era of medicine and health. In this study, different nutraceutical formulations using fine powders of amla, apple, garlic, onion, papaya, turmeric, and wheat grass with and without cow urine distillate. Total phenolic content, acute oral toxicity, and microbial load of nutraceutical formulations were assessed. The anticancer potential of nutraceutical formulations was evaluated against MNU-induced mammary cancer in female Sprague Dawley rats. Improvement in total phenolic content was observed after self-fortification process. Toxicity studies showed that the nutraceutical formulations were safe to use in animals. Microbial load was within the limits. Longer tumor-free days, lower tumor incidence, lower tumor multiplicity and tumor burden were observed for nutraceutical formulation-treated groups. This suggests that combination of whole food-based nutraceuticals acted synergistically in the prevention of mammary cancer. Further, the process of fortification enhanced the anticancer potential of nutraceutical formulations. Abbreviations used: HMNU: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, CAM: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, NF: Nutraceutical Formulation, SFNF: Self-Fortitfied Nutraceutical Formulation, NFCUD: Nutraceutical Formulation fortified with Cow Urine Disstillate, SFNFCUD: Self-Fortified Nutraceutical Formulation fortified with Cow Urine Disstillate, CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals, OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, TPC: Total Phenolic Content, ANOVA: Analysis of Variance, GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent, cfu/g: Colony forming unit per g.
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Nutraceuticals are food or part of food that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease. Nutraceutical has advantage over the medicine because they avoid side effect, have naturally dietary supplement, etc. Nutraceutical; on the basis of their natural source, chemical grouping, categories into three key terms -nutrients, herbals, dietary supplements, dietary fiber, etc. The most rapidly growing segments of the industry were dietary supplements (19.5 percent per year) and natural/herbal products (11.6 percent per year). Global nutraceutical market is estimated as USD 117 billion. FDA regulated dietary supplements as foods to ensure that they were safe. In 2006, the Indian government passed Food Safety and Standard Act to regulate the nutraceutical industry. Herbal nutraceutical is used as a powerful instrument in maintaining health and to act against nutritionally induced acute and chronic diseases, thereby promoting optimal health, longevity, and quality of life.
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