Lithium fluoride (LiF) target preparation for nuclear physics experiment
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The LiF target preparation on self-supporting Ag backing (LiF/Ag) is discussed in a detailed manner using vacuum evaporation process. The target thickness is measured using the energy loss of three line alpha source. 183.74 μg/cm 2 thickness of LiF is achieved through the evaporation process. Good uniformity of targets is observed. Non-uniformity in targets is found within 6 %. The XPS analysis confirms the presence of both the F and Li atoms on sample surface.Keywords:
Lithium fluoride
The irradiation of lithium fluoride by thermal neutrons produces the reaction Li (n, alpha )H3. The tritium released by this reactlon remains for the most part in the crystals and causes an intennal ionization which is shown by electrical and optical measurements. (tr-auth)
Lithium fluoride
Alpha particle
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The aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of fluoride in the groundwater of Kaltungo area and environs. Consumption of high fluoride waters clearly manifests in the majority inhabitant of the area in form of dental fluorosis especially in the majority of the populace. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells and boreholes using standard method and were analyzed to determine the fluoride level. The results revealed that the Fluoride in the waters ranges from 0.8 to 1.94 mg/l with a mean value of 1.65 mg/l. No clear variations in fluoride content have been observed in both the borehole samples and those from the hand-dug wells. Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl are the two major water types obtained in the area, which have a good association with fluoride. Negative correlation is observed between fluoride and temperature, fluoride and magnesium, fluoride and potassium and poor correlation is observed between fluoride and chloride, fluoride and nitrate, fluoride and phosphates which rules out the possibility of anthropogenic source of the fluoride in the waters. Positive correlation between fluoride and iron, indicates that the presence of fluoride in the water is as a result of dissolution of biotite within the host rock (Basalt).
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The presence of a few ppm of step poisons strongly alters both crystal growth and dissolution rates. It was known that a few ppm ferric fluoride was a poison for the dissolution of lithium fluoride. In the present report it is shown that ferric fluoride is also a growth poison for lithium fluoride from aqueous solution. Ferric fluoride has the properties characterizing a step poison for the lithium fluoride-water system.
Lithium fluoride
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The range of fluoride levels in the drinking-water of cities and villages in South Africa was determined during the transition from a very dry (1983) to a wet (1984/85) period. The combination fluoride ion selective electrode was employed for the determination of the fluoride concentration. It was found that fluoride levels in drinking-water changed for 93% of the cities and villages studied during the period 1983-1985. Furthermore, it became clear that when the water volume of the supplying source increased, the fluoride level decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). Boreholes showed significantly higher fluoride levels (P less than 0.01) than rivers or dams. The impact of the variation in drinking-water fluoride concentrations on supplementary fluoride dosage is discussed and recommendations made.
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The response of thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs) to light, in various conditions, has been studied. TLD cards containing both conventional lithium fluoride (LiF:Mg,Ti) and the high-sensitivity material LiF:Mg,Cu,P were available, so permitting a comparison between the two types. Also available for the tests were HarshawTM extremity EXT-RAD (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) dosemeters. The LiF:Mg,Ti body TLD cards and the EXT-RAD extremity dosemeters both showed some response to fluorescent light, while the LiF:Mg,Cu,P cards showed no significant response. It is therefore concluded that LiF:Mg,Cu,P body cards need no special precautions to protect them from the effects of light. For LiF:Mg,Ti cards and extremity dosemeters, effects are small, but steps to avoid excessive light exposure should be considered.
Lithium fluoride
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Lithium fluoride
Neutron irradiation
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Lithium fluoride
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Lithium fluoride
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Abstract Release of tritium from LiF is well described by volume diffusion kinetics below 500 °C and an activation energy of 51 kcal/mole. The tritium is introduced into the LiF by the Li 6 (n, α)H 3 reaction. Tritium release from massive LiF is complex; important factors include temperature history, initial tritium concentration (neutron exposure) and trapping of tritium in the LiF structure.
Lithium fluoride
Fusion power
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