Partial mapping and sequencing of a fish iridovirus genome reveals genes homologous to the frog virus 3 p31, p40 and human eIF2alpha
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Iridovirus is a serious aquatic virus infecting variable species of fish and frog. Development of a rapid, reliable detection method is an important issue for commercial and scientific purposes. With specific anti-body-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, viruses can be bound immunologically and quantitatively detected by measuring the related magnetic signals. Immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) is a technique to measure the magnetic signals change in this work. Using this assay, the low-detection limit of iridovirus was found 101 TCID50/mL. There was no significant interference from the other grouper viruses including nervous necrosis virus (NNV). The iridovirus concentration in grouper detected with IMR was 91% related to real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). These results demonstrated the feasibility of IMR on iridovirus screening in grouper.
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Acheta
Turnip mosaic virus
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우리 나라의 양식 해산어에서 분리된 종양을 유발하는 iridovirus가 폐사를 유발하는 iridovirus와 같은 종류인지를 확인하기 위하여 면역학적 특성을 비교하여 보았다. SDS-PAGE를 통하여 이들 바이러스의 구조단백질을 비교한 결과 종양을 유발하는 iridovirus와 폐사를 유발하는 iridovirus는 서로 다른 크기의 단백질을 소유하는 것으로 확인되었다. 종양을 유발하는 iridovirus에 대한 단일클론항체를 사용한 Western blotting실험을 통하여 구조 단백질의 항원성을 조사한 결과 종양을 유발하는 iridovirus 의 경우 분자량 150 kDa의 구조단백질이 면역 유도 특성이 있음이 확인되었다. 반면에 폐사를 유발하는 iridovirus는 종양을 유발하는 iridovirus에 대한 단일클론항체들과는 전혀 반응을 하지 않았다. 이 결과로부터 종양을 유발하는 iridovirus와 폐사를 유발하는 iridovirus의 구조단백질들은 서로 다른 항원성을 지님을 알 수 있었으며 이는 두 iridovirus들이 서로 다른 type일 가능성이 높음은 나타내고 있다.
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The need for comparative studies of iridoviruses to elucidate the relationships between them has been well appreciated. Sixteen iridoviruses, including type species from each of the four recognized genera of the Iridoviridae, were compared by restriction endonuclease characterization, hybridization to the major structural protein (MSP) gene of an invertebrate iridescent virus (IV) isolate at various stringencies, PCR amplification of the MSP gene region and by dot-blot hybridization studies. The results broadly supported previous serological studies. The vertebrate iridoviruses, frog virus 3 (genus Ranavirus)and flounder lymphocystivirus (genus Lymphocystivirus), appeared distinct from one another and from the invertebrate isolates. Naming and numbering invertebrate IV isolates according to history and host is no longer useful since IVs infect a number of species. A revised system, involving names based on the geographical origin of the isolate is proposed, in line with other virus families. The large IVs of invertebrates represented by Vero Beach IV (previously IV3 or mosquito IV; genus Chloriridovirus) showed little similarity to any other IVs. Members of the genus Iridovirus, the small invertebrate IVs, fell into three distinct groups of interrelated isolates. The largest group, containing the Plowden (IV1), Tia (IV2), Nelson (IV9, IV10 and IV18), Aberystwyth (IV22), Srinagar (IV24), Fort Collins (IV29) and Stoneville (IV30) iridoviruses, is named the Polyiridovirus complex. The Plowden iridovirus (IV1) is suggested as type species for this complex given the data available on its molecular biology. Based on previously published data, Timaru (IV16 and IV19) and Uitenhage (IV23) iridoviruses are also assigned to this complex. The second but smaller group is named the Oligoirido- virus complex, which includes Dazaifu (IV6) as the type species and contains Ntondwe (IV21 and IV28) on a tentative basis. Riverside IV (IV31) was distinct from both of the other groups, and is proposed as a third complex, Crustaceoiridovirus.
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For rapid detection of iridovirus infection, a PCR-based diagnostic method was developed. The genomic DNA from mortality-associated iridovirus was cloned into pUC19 vector. The nucleotide sequences of these clones were compared with sequences of other genes from EMBL/GenBank databank. Based on the nucleotide sequences, PCR primers were prepared and used for PCR. The DNA amplification did not occur from the normal fish cells. In contrast, DNA was amplified from the iridovirus-infected fish cells and purified iridovirus. These results suggest that mortality-associated iridovirus can be detected from virus-infected cells within short time and this PCR-based diagnostic system provides a simple and accurate method for detecting the presence of iridovirus infection.
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Primer (cosmetics)
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This datasheet on grouper iridovirus infection covers Identity, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Hosts/Species Affected.
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Abstract Fish iridovirus causes systemic disease with high morbidity and mortality in various species of wild and farm‐raised fish, resulting in severe economic losses. Recently, frequent outbreaks of iridovirus infection have occurred among cultured fish in many Asian countries, emphasizing the need for a protective vaccine programme or the development of a suitable therapy. In this study, we expressed a recombinant major capsid protein (r MCP ) of rock bream iridovirus ( RBIV ) from yeast using codon optimization. The r MCP in yeast was added to feed in an attempt to induce intestinal mucosal immunity for protection against and/or to reduce the severity of fish iridovirus infection. We found that fish immunized orally with r MCP underwent a successful induction of antibodies ( P < 0.05) and were protected ( P = 0.0001) against viral challenge. Based upon these results, oral administration of immunogenic protein as an antigen can be considered a useful method for implementation of vaccine programmes against iridovirus as well as other marine viral diseases.
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genomic DNA
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