Unraveling the Superior Role of Characterizing Methyl Ester of Isohexene as an Innovative High-Octane Gasoline Mixing Component
Ekaterina S. RekhletskayaMikhail A. ErshovVsevolod D. SavelenkoAlisa E. MakhmudovaВ. М. КапустинTamer M.M. AbdellatiefDmitriy A. PotaninVladimir A. SmirnovTian GengMohammad Ali AbdelkareemA.G. Olabi
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High concentrations of isoolefinic hydrocarbons can adversely affect the physical, chemical, mechanical, and ecological characteristics of gasoline fuels. One of the solutions to reduce olefin contents is the utilization of the methoxylation process. The current paper declares a perspective toward a gasoline-component-first technique, revealing an innovative high-octane additive on the basis of isoolefinic components, like isohexene. The olefin content of isohexene was 94% volumetrically. This affected the chemical oxidation under atmospheric conditions. Several gasoline fuels and experimental facilities that match European and Russian requirements were used to execute the recent work. The objective of the methoxylation process is to enhance the chemical oxidation fuels to raise the portion of aliphatic hydrocarbon isomers, to decrease unwanted olefin content, as well as to generate high-octane motor ethers as gasoline octane boosters. The product can be defined as methyl ester of isohexene (MEIH). Various MEIH blends have been measured with other gasoline octane boosters and refinery products. The results proved that antidetonation properties of MEIH were higher than those of base gasolines, tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), and isohexene and approximately equal to that of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Additionally, the results of the calculated MEIH mixing octane rating were from 104.3 to 131.5 for the research method and from 87.5 to 120.0 for the motor method. Likewise, the olefin content of MEIH was 74.2% when the methoxylation process was applied for isohexene. The oxygen content of MEIH was 3.3 wt %, with no oxygen content in the sample of isohexene. Those have been done thanks to the utilization of the methoxylation process of isohexene. Finally, MEIH provided an individual perspective as a liquid transportation fuel with merits over isohexene, in terms of antidetonation properties, olefin contents, as well as a distillation characteristic range.Keywords:
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Methyl tert-butyl ether
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To ensure the octane number of blended gasoline accurately,decrease the waste of octane and avoid the accident that the octane number less standard. We developed an on-line optimal control system that its method is fit for China . This system has been successfully applied in TianJing/LuoYang oil refinery of SINOPEC. it is good in octane number control and the recipe optimization of gasoline blending . and economic effect has obtained
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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Technical Information 2.1. Combustion in Otto Engines 2.2. Knock Phenomena 2.3. Octane Number Measurement 3. History 4. Types of Octane Enhancers 5. Ashless Octane Enhancers 5.1. Blend Octane Numbers 5.2. Nitrogen-Containing Components 5.3. Oxygen-Containing Components 5.3.1. EC Directive on Fuel Oxygenates 5.3.2. Blend Octane Numbers of Oxygenates 5.3.3. Other Properties of Oxygenates 5.3.4. Production 5.3.5. Environmental Protection 5.3.6. Toxicology and Occupational Health 5.3.7. Storage and Transportation 6. Metal-Containing Additives 6.1. Alkyllead Compounds 6.2. Methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl 6.3. Ferrocene
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It is summarized the species,the use case and application status of the gasoline octane promoter currently.It is considered that the organic ashless antiknock agent not only green environmental protection but also no engine wear in relative terms of the metal antiknock agent,and it will be the main direction of the development of the gasoline octane promoter.The SHD-T is a new efficient gasoline octane promoter,not only add a small dose,increase octane value large amplitude but also pollution-free green.It is an excellent antiknock agent product.
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A method to evaluate the octane number of automobile gasoline by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrometry has been studied. Twelve samples of marketed winter gasoline, whose octane numbers and compositions were identified according to the ASTM standards, and high-olefin gasoline were used to supplement the insufficient coverage of a previous report with additional data. Then, a linear regression equation regarding the relationship between the octane number and PMR data was prepared from the PMR spectra of the 21 samples used for the previous report, whose octane numbers were known, and the 12 samples used this time. Further, the appropriateness of the regression equation was assessed. This report concerns the results of a study in which the scope of the previous study, lacking sufficient data, has been supplemented with additional data to improve the accuracy of the visual estimation of the octane number using the pattern recognition method. Also, a linear regression equation was obtained and found useful for octane number estimation.
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Focusing on the dilemma that high octane number gasoline blending was interfered owing to olefin reduction of FCC gasoline resulted in low octane number,the sensitivity of WK-602 octane number improver for various FCC gasoline fraction and interaction with other blending components were executed for the sake of laboratory evaluation. The experimental results show that WK-602 can effectively promote the gasoline octane number. The lower the octane number of fundamental gasoline,the more prominent the impact. RON can be enhanced proximately by 0.7~1 unit per increasing 0.5% additive dosage. Furthermore,such octane number improver has very favorable solubility with else high octane number components or additive without any negative effect. Industrial scale application indicates that WK-602 can homogeneously disperse when mixing with high octane number components or additives and obtained 97# motor gasoline can completely satisfy quality standards. Using WK-602 octane number improver to blend and produce 93 # and 97 # gasoline is very economical.
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Increasing numbers of standards for emissions and fuel economy drive the need to downsize spark ignition internal combustion engines. To accommodate this change while reducing engine knock, fuels with higher octane numbers are needed. However, studies have shown that octane requirements are not uniform across the vehicle drive cycle, leading to inefficient use of the high-octane fuel components. One approach shown to substantially increase fuel economy through the efficient use of high-octane fuel components is a dual-fuel solution called octane-on-demand. Octane-on-demand supplies fuel that has the required octane rating, as dictated by the engine torque demands, by delivering the proper ratio of high- and low-octane fuels. Barriers associated with introducing two fuels in the marketplace for an octane-on-demand approach can be overcome using an onboard separation system to separate a single fuel, such as a market E10 gasoline, into a high-octane oxygenate, such as ethanol, and a lower-octane base fuel. Onboard separation systems currently under evaluation rely on pervaporation membranes, which lose efficiency as the oxygenate is removed, leading to inefficient use of this valuable fuel component. Here, we present liquid–solid and liquid–liquid chemical separation strategies that may provide advantages over membrane separation. This paper introduces applications of tailored chemical reactions, solid sorbent materials, and ionic liquids that are shown to have a high oxygenate recovery and utility beyond ethanol to potential future oxygenate additives, such as isomers of butanol.
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The octane number for gaseous components (GC) is currently determined using the calculation method proceeding from the hydrocarbon composition. The method provides determination of the research octane number (RON) only. A discrepancy between the actual and predicted values of the octane number thus determined leads to an overestimated introduction of these components into the fuel which results in the reduced fuel performance and economic indicators of the production. In this regard, the development of a new approach to the determination of the blending octane number of low-boiling components is extremely important for designing optimal formulations of motor fuels. A method for determining the blending octane numbers (both RON and MON) of motor gasoline gaseous components has been improved due to preliminary sample preparation by bubbling which provided taking into account the proportion of involving fractions of C 4 hydrocarbon and pentane-amylene along with the chemical nature of the base fuel components. It is shown that the value of the blending octane number for gaseous components depends on the hydrocarbon composition of the base component. Application of the developed method to determining the blending octane number of gaseous components of motor fuels allowed us to obtain optimal formulations of gasoline with the involvement of low-boiling by-products and increased the accuracy of forecasting the composition of fuels thus improving the economic performance of the production.
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