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Thermal comfort in hot and arid outdoor environments is an industrial challenging field. An outdoor air-conditioned area was designed and built to host sport and social events during summers 2014 and 2015 in Qatar. This article presents a thermal comfort analysis of the outdoor air-conditioned area using computational fluid dynamics, on-site spectators surveys, and on-spot climatic measurements. The study utilized computational fluid dynamics to develop a thermal comfort model of the outdoor air-conditioned area to predict the thermal comfort of the occupants. Five different thermal comfort indices; mean comfort vote, cooling power index, wet-bulb globe temperature index, Humidex, discomfort index, were utilized to assess the thermal comfort of spectators within the conditioned space. The indices utilized different on site measurements of meteorological data and on-site interviews. In comparison to the mean comfort vote of the sampled survey, all thermal comfort indices underestimated the actual thermal comfort percentage except the wet-bulb globe temperature index that overestimated the comfort percentage. The computational fluid dynamics results reasonably predicted most of the thermal comfort indices values. The computational fluid dynamics results overestimated the comfort percentage of mean comfort vote, wet-bulb globe temperature index, and discomfort index, while the thermal comfort percentage was underestimated as indicated by the cooling power index, and Humidex.
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This paper aims to answer a simple and elemental question: how do we qualify and quantify thermal comfort in highly glazed spaces with diverse occupants’ use and expectation? And, how can designers achieve enhanced occupant experience with passive measures, minimizing the use of HVAC systems in such spaces? In this study variables, such as air and radiant temperatures, air velocity, relative humidity and direct solar component were identified as the “working tools” in order to create different indoor environments that fulfil expectations and serve the building’s function. Parameters such as adaptability, occupants’ expectation and duration of stay within each space are also affecting the acceptance levels of thermal comfort. The study includes the existing standards and comfort models and synthesizes this knowledge to develop a “hands on” method that will help designers meet the comfort expectations of diverse spaces with respect to the vision and the functionality of the building. As a result, an excel based tool was developed that can help designers in understanding thermal comfort and the important affecting variables, leading to appropriate measures for avoiding thermal discomfort and fulfilling the set performance requirements. The tool was used on a case study, where thermal comfort limits were examined for different types of spaces. (Less)
Adaptability
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Based on calculation of cabin thermal environment, this paper calculates the distribution of human temperature by human thermoregulation model and human bioheat equation, and evaluates human thermal comfort by T_(eq) for different environment. The numerical calculations presented in this study are typical. The local thermal comfort of the drive and the passenger is predicated and the results are compared with thermal comfort range by Equivalent Temperature. The outcome is satisfying. This will allow for improvement of automotive climate control strategies.
Thermal sensation
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The question posed in this thesis is: by incorporate traditional architecture forms
and design features, can new housing provide thermal comfort without the need
for excessive use of air- conditioning as is the case in current new building
methods and designs. There has been some evidence that the new type of housing
being built in the hot areas in Yemen has inherently produced unacceptable
comfort conditions resulting in a greater use of air conditioning while the
traditional housing naturally provided more comfortable conditions and did not
need to use air conditioning.
This thesis investigated the effect of different building materials on both human
comfort and energy consumption in domestic buildings in the Yemen with special
reference to the City of Seiyun.
The methodology used in this thesis was divided into two parts. The first part
dealt with a questionnaire and building monitoring relating to the perceived
thermal comfort inside three types of houses and the use of fans and/or air
conditioning to maintain thermal comfort.
Based on the results of this survey a computer model was calibrated and used to
carry out a parametric study into the choice of building materials and architectural
design to optimise the design of housing to minimise the use of air conditioning.
The results of the survey indicated that occupants were more dissatisfied with
their internal environment in housing constructed of concrete than in traditional
housing and also they used a significant amount of air conditioning to maintain
thermal comfort.
The main conclusion to be drawn from this work was that it was possible to
design new housing in such a way so as to reduce the demand for air conditioning
and at the same time provide thermal comfort and inhabitant satisfaction with
building appearance. Also one of the most effective design features was the use
of a courtyard with a high thermal mass.
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This paper introduces a method to evaluate thermal performance of a room by calculating discomfort indexes. Based on thermal sensation of human beings, the thermal performance of a room is evaluated from the thermal comfort viewpoint and thus predicting the sensitivity of thermal comfort to the building parameters. These parameters mainly include: the physical properties of the envelope, the location, orientation and the shape of the room.
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Providing thermal comfort is the basic requirement of a building. In modem buildings this is usually accomplished with the help of mechanical cooling or heating. Ancient architecture, all over the world, had many characteristics which led to thermal comfort, i.e, the shape of the building and different parts of the building, (e.g. indoor spaces, doors, windows etc) were located and oriented to take maximum advantage of the climate. The role of trees, vegetation and water around the building in determining the thermal comfort was well appreciated. Therefore the objectives of this research are to know the comfort level in the studio classroom, to investigate the studio design to achieve the thermal comfort in Polytechnic and to outline and rank the most significant factors that influence thermal comfort in studio classrooms. The scope will cover the perception of thermal comfort level and the factor that affecting thermal comfort in the studio. To support this research, the structure interviews, observation and questionnaire form to collect the data. The analysis then will be decided upon suitability in the analysis process. The study indicated that human (studio users) perception on level of thermal comfort is good and the ventilation is the most significant factor to contribute the thermal comfort in the studio classrooms.
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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This paper reports on the findings of the thermal comfort field study carried out in air conditioned offices in Makati City (Manila), Philippines and examines the role of non-thermal factors in comfort perception. The international comfort standard, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55 is used extensively as a reference for comfort levels in the Philippines. The potential for energy conservation through stringent control of indoor temperatures underpin the examination of the applicability of the universal values of comfort temperatures recommended by international comfort standards. Comfort has become synonymous with the consumption of applied energy. As global concern about the environment increases (e.g. consumption of scarce energy resources), it is timely to look into the relationship between comfort practices in the built environment and building energy use. The responses of the Filipino office workers contradicted currently accepted thermal comfort theory and drew out questions on the behavioural variables that affect thermal comfort perception and preferences. The findings of this study suggest that the framework advocating the separation of the technical and social constructs of comfort, on which conventional approaches to thermal comfort are predicated, shape and maintain the associated behaviour (practices and conventions) towards comfort which have ill-considered consequences on energy use and consumption.
ASHRAE 90.1
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