Implications of groundwater flow on preservation of heavy and extra-heavy oil accumulations in Southern Llanos Basin, Colombia
Ricardo Andrés Gómez-MoncadaAndrés MoraMarcela JaramilloMaurício ParraAndrés MartínezHenry MayorgaJorge Sandoval-MuñozArcadio Cuy-CipamochaDavis SuárezJose Sandoval-RuizR. RamírezRobert MárquezRicardo Bueno
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Response of groundwater table to rainfall in a diluvial upland is analyzed by the weighted mean method developed by Tsuboi (1941). This method employs the Fourier series based on the assumption of periodic waves of the input and output. The groundwater level has been used as an output for analysis in previous studies (e. g. Hirata, 1971). The authors employ the amount of groundwater :recharge as :the output because it is the amount of groundwater recharge that directly causes changes in groundwater level. The analysis is also carried out using the groundwater level as the output and the results are compared with that using the amount of groundwater recharge. Results obtained are as follows: 1. The time lag between the rainfall and the amount of groundwater recharge is about 10 days for wells whose groundwater levels are about 70 to 80 meters below the surface. 2. The groundwater level is affected by rainfall with a time lag of about 3 months. This coincides with a theoretically derived phase difference of π/2. 3. It may be said that results mentioned above give support to the pressure transmission theory as one of the important groundwater recharge mechanisms.
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The Western Aquifer is the largest aquifer of the island of Mauritius, and it is heavily exploited to cater for domestic and industrial water demand. This is mainly because it is situated in an urbanised region where water demand is high. This aquifer covers a major part of the districts of Plaines-Wilhems, Moka and Black-River. According to recent hydrogeological studies, the Western Aquifer is made up of two sub-aquifers, the aquifer of Curepipe and the aquifer of Phoenix. The aquifer of Curepipe has been the subject of several hydrogeological studies in the past. These studies have significantly helped in the understanding of the nature of this subsurface basin, and have to a large extent helped towards a safe exploitation of the aquifer. Several exploration techniques, ranging from geophysical surveys, drilling of coreholes and monitoring of groundwater levels have been carried out. The present study aims at improving the understanding of the hydrogeology of the Western Aquifer through the use of a numerical groundwater flow model. The findings of the study show that the intra- calderic borders act as groundwater divides within the system, controlling the flow characteristics within the aquifer and significant flow paths actually connect the two sub aquifers. Keywords : Hydrogeology, Western Aquifer, Groundwater flow model, Conceptual model
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Taking the alluvial plain in the Qufu area as an example,the 3D groundwater flow and numerical solute transportation models of the investigated area are established in this study by using nearly thirty years' survey data and the groundwater numerical simulation software FEFLOW.The calibrated model has a high level of simulation precision.An analysis is made of evolution regularity in the investigated area with the model calibrated.The analysis shows that the groundwater level in this area has dropped since 1976 by an annual average of 0.2m.Nitrate concentration has increased by an annual average of 1.05mg/l,the solute transportation are closely related to the groundwater flow,which have obvious regularity.Human activities have a negative impact on the groundwater environment.Scientific management and control sewage discharges should be strengthened in order to prevent further deterioration of the groundwater environment.
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In the safety assessment for a geological disposal of radioactive waste, it is important to establish validation methods for deep groundwater flow system to estimate radionuclide migration to human environment through groundwater flow. It is necessary to validate the groundwater flow property and flow boundary, as multi-groundwater systems including the different groundwater origins are possible to exist at deep underground. This study discussed the method which estimates groundwater mixing condition and groundwater flow process using three principal component analysis(three-dimensional PCA) to groundwater chemistry and isotopic compositions, together with data of groundwater age and trace element in case of Horonobe area where a lot of water chemistry were measured. The results of three-dimensional PCA show that hydrological system can be divided into two areas: three deep groundwater mixing area at depths greater than 200 to 400m, mixing area of deep groundwater and surface water at depths less than 200 to 400m. The residence time of deep groundwater estimated by chlorine isotopic method shows over several hundred thousand years to 1 million years ago. Deep groundwater is suggested to be discharged at surface through Omagari Fault based on the concentrations of trace dissolved constituents. (author)
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An existing groundwater model of Carson Valley was used to simulate changes in groundwater flow on the east side of Carson Valley, Nevada, in response to hypothetical increases in groundwater pumpage. Pumpage scenarios that reflect State groundwater permits and pending applications were used in four different simulations to estimate the effect of hypothetical development on groundwater levels and storage, groundwater flow to the Carson River, and groundwater levels and storage, groundwater flow to the Carson River, and groundwater consumed by evapotranspiration over a 45-yr period. The four simulations were based on pumpage rates ranging from 0.13 to 6.4 cu ft/sec (92 to 4,590 acre-ft/year). Changes in groundwater flow and water levels caused by the lowest rate were minimal and at the limit of accuracy of the groundwater model. The highest pumping rate caused water level declines as much as 15 ft, decreased groundwater storage by 27,000 acre/ft, decreased groundwater to the Carson River by 4.3 cu ft/sec (3,100 acre-ft/year), and reduced evapotranspiration losses by about 1,200 acre-ft/year. (Author 's abstract)
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Abstract In the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain there are two different groundwater flow systems located in the study area. Between these two systems there is a narrow groundwater divide where groundwater flow cannot be detected. In the western part, groundwater of greater hardness moves from the northwest, west and southwest. In the eastern part, groundwater flow is from southeast to northwest. The directions of groundwater flow have been established on the basis of dissolved mono- and di-valent cation concentrations. The major direction of groundwater flow detected by a statistical evaluation of water chemical data agrees with previous geological investigations.
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Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in coastal regions with predominantly unconsolidated sediments. To protect and manage drinking water extraction wells in these regions, reliable estimates of groundwater flow velocities around well fields are of paramount importance. Such measurements help to identify the dynamics of the groundwater flow and its response to stresses, to optimize water resources management, and to calibrate groundwater flow models. In this article, we review approaches for measuring the relatively high groundwater flow velocity measurements near these wells. We discuss and review their potential and limitations for use in this environment. Environmental tracer measurements are found to be useful for regional scale estimates of groundwater flow velocities and directions, but their use is limited near drinking water extraction wells. Surface-based hydrogeophysical measurements can potentially provide insight into groundwater flow velocity patterns, although the depth is limited in large-scale measurement setups. Active-heating distributed temperature sensing (AH-DTS) provides direct measurements of in situ groundwater flow velocities and can monitor fluctuations in the high groundwater flow velocities near drinking water extraction wells. Combining geoelectrical measurements with AH-DTS shows the potential to estimate a 3D groundwater flow velocity distribution to fully identify groundwater flow towards drinking water extraction wells.
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