Flux reconstruction for the NIR camera CAGIRE at the focus of the Colibrí telescope
Alix Nouvel de la FlècheJ. L. AtteiaHervé ValentínMarie LarrieuJérémie BoyO. GravrandO. BouladeJean-Claude ClémensA. SecrounE. KajfaszOlivier LlidoStéphane BasaF. DolonJohan FloriotSimona LombardoAdrien LamoureLaurent RubaldoB. FièqueJulien RoumegouxHervé GeoffrayA. M. WatsonWilliam H. LeeN. Butler
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CAGIRE is the near infrared camera of the Colibrí robotic telescope, designed for the follow-up of SVOM alerts, mainly Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), and the quick imaging of sky regions where transient sources are detected by the SVOM satellite. CAGIRE is based on the Astronomical Large Format Array (ALFA) 2k x 2k SWIR sensor from the French consortium CEA-LYNRED. In the context of CAGIRE the sensor is operated in "Up the Ramp" mode to observe the sky in a square field of view of 21.7 arcmin on a side, in the range of wavelengths from 1.1 to 1.8 μm. An observation with CAGIRE consists of a series of short (1-2 minutes) exposures during which the pixels are read out every 1.3 second, continuously accumulating charges proportionally to the received flux, building a ramp. The main challenge is to quickly process and analyse these ramps, in order to identify and study the near infrared counterparts of the bursts, within 5 minutes of the reception of an alert. Our preprocessing, which is under development, aims at providing reliable flux maps for the astronomy pipeline. It is based on a sequence of operations. First, calibration maps are used to identify saturated pixels, and for each pixel, the usable (non saturated) range of the ramp. Then, the ramps are corrected for the electronic common mode noise, and differential ramps are constructed. Finally, the flux is calculated from the differential ramps, using a previously calibrated map of pixel non-linearities. We present here the sequence of operations performed by the preprocessing, which are based on previous calibrations of the sensor response. These operations lead to the production of a flux map corrected from cosmic-rays hits, a map depicting the quality of the fit, a map of saturated pixels and a map of pixels hit by cosmic-rays, before the acquisition of the next ramp. These maps will be used by the astronomy pipeline to quickly extract the scientific results of the observations, like the identification of uncatalogued or quickly variable sources that could be GRB afterglows.The AZT-8 70-cm telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory was upgraded in the early 2000s. Obsolete pieces of equipment of the telescope were replaced and new ones were developed. The creation of a special control program has enabled the telescope to be pointed at objects automatically. As a result, it has become much easier to control the telescope and the efficiency of using the observing time has increased significantly.
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The MuPix Telescope is a particle tracking telescope, optimized for tracking low momentum particles at high rates. It is based on the novel High-Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (HV-MAPS), designed for the Mu3e tracking detector. The telescope represents a first application of the HV-MAPS technology and also serves as test bed of the Mu3e readout chain. The telescope consists of up to eight layers of the newest prototypes, the MuPix7 sensors, which send self-triggered data via fast serial links to FPGAs, where the data is time-ordered and sent to the PC. A particle hit rate of 1 MHz per layer could be processed. Online tracking is performed with a subset of the incoming data. The general concept of the telescope, chip architecture, readout concept and online reconstruction are described. The performance of the sensor and of the telescope during test beam measurements are presented.
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ABSTRACT An overview of the Seimei telescope, a 3.8 m optical infrared telescope located on Mt. Chikurinji in the Okayama prefecture of Japan, is presented. Seimei is a segmented-mirror telescope whose primary mirror consists of 18 petal-shaped segments. The telescope tube supporting the thin segmented mirrors is structurally incorporated within large arc-rails providing the elevation axis. The tube has a light-weight homologous structure designed with a genetic algorithm. The total weight of the telescope tube, including 1.4-ton optics, is only 8 tons. By virtue of its light weight, the telescope is able to point at an object anywhere in the observable sky within one minute. The telescope is operated by Kyoto University in collaboration with the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ). Half of the telescope time is used by Kyoto University. The remaining time is open to the Japanese astronomical community. NAOJ is responsible for the management of the open-use time, including handling of the observation proposals. The telescope is now regularly performing scientific observations on the basis of a variety of proposals.
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The cost effectiveness of modern telescope operations depends upon appropriate telescope system design. We explore telescope operating models and define the efficiency of telescope usage, using recent operational data. We investigate the efficiency of telescope use with respect to several generic types of operational programme. We derive a model of telescope operating efficiency and explore the operational implications of several telescope design factors and configurations.
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In Korean, focus is expressed in accentual phrasing.To ascertain whether words focused in this manner enjoy a processing advantage analogous to that conferred by focus as expressed in, e.g., English and Dutch, we devised sentences with target words in one of four conditions: prosodic focus, syntactic focus, prosodic + syntactic focus, and no focus as a control.32 native speakers of Korean listened to blocks of 10 sentences, then were presented visually with words and asked whether or not they had heard them.Overall, words with focus were recognised significantly faster and more accurately than unfocused words.In addition, words with syntactic focus or syntactic + prosodic focus were recognised faster than words with prosodic focus alone.As for other languages, Korean focus confers processing advantage on the words carrying it.While prosodic focus does provide an advantage, however, syntactic focus appears to provide the greater beneficial effect for recognition memory.
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The paper discusses one direct drive telescope experiment bed (DDTEB), which is designed to simulate the modern telescope tracking system. The main task is to find the problem and the reliability which might be met in the real direct drive tracking system of the telescope and how to handle them. More information and experience will be acquired and accumulated to use the direct drive technology in the telescope complex motion system of Chinese telescope in the future.
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