Effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on postoperative sequel of completely impacted lower third molar extraction: a randomized controlled clinical study
Sadam Ahmed ElayahLiang XiangKarim Ahmed SakranLinyang XieHamza YounisAhmed Es. AlajamiJunbo TuSijia Na
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Abstract Background The surgical extraction of impacted third molars is one of the most common procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery, which associated with several postoperative complications. The aim of this clinical trial was to estimate the implication of concentrated growth factor (CGF) on postoperative sequelae after the completely impacted lower third molar extraction. Materials and methods A total of 74 sides of 37 participants who had completely bilateral impacted lower third molars were enrolled in this split-mouth, randomized single‑blind, clinical trial. Surgical extraction was undertaken on both sides of the mandible. Randomization was achieved by opaque, sealed envelopes. The postoperative outcomes including wound healing, swelling and pain were clinically assessed at different-time intervals(1st, 3rd and 7th days). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The wound healing index was significantly better in the test sides (P = 0.001). Regarding the facial swelling, the test sides had significantly less values than the control sides, particularly on the 1st (1.01 ± .57 vs. 1.55 ± .56) and 3rd days (1.42 ± 0.8 vs. 2.63 ± 1.2) postoperatively. Nonetheless, the swelling was disappeared within the 7th day in both sides. The pain scores of visual analog scale were no a statistically significant difference between both sides on the 1st day, meanwhile, the pain scores were significantly lower in the test sides compared with the control sides, especially on the 3rd (P = 0.001) and 7th days (P < 0.001) postoperatively. Conclusion The application of CGF following the surgical extraction of lower third molar has accelerated the healing of soft tissues as well as reduced postoperative sequelae such as swelling and pain. Therefore, the CGF could be promoted among clinicians during the lower third molar surgical extraction. Trial registration : This study was registered with the TCTR identification number TCTR20210325002 on 25/03/2021 at Thai Clinical Trials Register-Medical Research Foundation of Thailand (MRF). Also it was ethically approved from the institutional ethics committee at the Hospital of Stomatology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China (No: 032), and has been conducted in accordance to the guidelines of the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the study.Abstract A NUMBER of references have already been made to the swelling of rubbers by organic liquids and to the effects of such swelling on their mechanical properties. The nature of the swelling process in itself, and the factors which determine the degree of swelling attained in any particular circumstances, have not, however, yet been considered. The property of swelling in suitable low-molecular-weight liquids is one which is possessed by a wide range of high polymers, both natural and synthetic. In many respects this property is akin to solution, and, as in the case of solution, it is markedly dependent on the nature of the swelling liquid.
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A new anti-swelling agent was synthesized by polymerizing epichlorohydrin and dimethyl amine polymer. The swelling inhibition properties were investigated over clay and shale. It was found that the clay inhibition of swelling properties was greatly enhanced compared with common inorganic salts. However, to shale, the swelling properties did not inhibited efficiently by using prepared polymers. Furthermore, the influence of cross linking of polyammonium to the swelling ability of prepared polymer has been also carried out by using triethylenetetramine cross linking agent. In the case of shale, the swelling inhibit properties was improved after cross link, while opposite swelling effect was observed over clay.
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Abstract The swelling behavior of poly( N, N '‐bisphenoxyphenylpyromellitimide) (PMDA‐ODA) using dimethylsulfoxide DMSO and N ‐methylpyrollidinone NMP was investigated by gravimetric means. For PMDA‐ODA samples imidized on a substrate, the weight uptake was found to depend linearly on time over a temperature range from 25 to 150°C. For a given temperature of imidization, the equilibrium swelling concentration was found to be independent of the temperature at which the swelling studies were performed. However, the rate of solvent uptake depended strongly on the swelling temperature, yielding an activation energy of about 50 kJ/mol. In general, increasing the initial imidization temperature caused a decrease in the rate of swelling but did not alter the equilibrium swelling concentration. This swelling behavior resembles Case II diffusion typically seen in glassy polymers with some noteworthy exceptions. In cases, where PMDA‐ODA was imidized in a free‐standing state, no swelling was observed. However, deformation of these isotropic specimens was found to induce substantial swelling.
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