Psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in Italian Physicians.
Edoardo Nicolò AielloElena FiabaneSimona MargherittiStefano MagnoneNadia BologniniMassimo MigliorettiInés Giorgi
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This study aimed to standardize the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), a psychometrically sound, worldwide-spread tool among Italian physicians.Nine hundred and fifteen Italian physicians were web-administered the CBI, Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). The present CBI included 18 items (range=19-90) assessing Personal, Work-related and Client-related Burnout. Client-related adaptation was performed. Construct validity, factorial structure (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and internal consistency were tested. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed simultaneously against the PHQ-8, GAD-7 and GSE. All CBI measures yielded optimal internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.90-0.96).The CBI met its original three-factor model (CFI=0.94; TLI=0.93; RMSEA=0.09; SRMR=0.04), was positively related to the PHQ-8 (r=0.76) and GAD-7 (r=0.73), whereas negatively with the GSE (r=0.39) and yielded optimal diagnostics (AUC=0.93; sensitivity=0.91 and specificity=0.85 at the optimal cutoff of 69/90).The CBI is thus a valid, reliable, and normed tool to assess burnout levels in physicians.Exploratory factor analysis
Health psychology
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The usage of rigorous analyses based on contemporary methods to enhance psychometric properties of screening questionnaires aimed to address psychotic-like experiences (PLE) is currently being encouraged. The Brief Self-Report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Pre-psychotic States (BQSPS) is a recently created tool addressing PLE beyond attenuated positive symptoms (APS). Its psychometric properties as a screening tool for first step assessment seems to be adequate, but further research is needed to evaluate certain validity aspects, particularly its dimensionality, internal structure, and psychometric properties in different populations. We assessed the reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity of BQSPS in two samples: 727 adolescents aged 13–18 years, and 245 young adults aged 18–33 years. We used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The original four-factor structure was not replicated. The best fit in adolescents was obtained by a structure of three-correlated factors: social anxiety (SA), negative symptoms (NS), and positive symptoms (PS). This structure was confirmed in young adult subjects. The three-factor model reached a predictive capability with suicidality as external criterion. PLE are represented by a three-factor structure, which is highly stable between adolescent and young-adult samples. Although the BQSPS seems to be a valid tool for screening PLE, its psychometric properties should be improved to obtain a more accurate measurement.
Exploratory factor analysis
Criterion validity
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วตถประสงคในการศกษาครงนเพอตรวจสอบคณสมบตการวดทางจตวทยาของแบบสอบถามการถกปลกฝงอดมคตเกยวกบความผอมในกลมนกเรยนหญงระดบชนมธยมศกษาตอนปลาย แบบสอบถามถกพฒนาขนโดยทมผวจย จำนวนทงหมด 21 ขอ โดยประกอบไปดวย 3 องคประกอบ ไดแก การถกปลกฝงอดมคตเกยวกบความผอมจากครอบครว กลมเพอน และสอ กลมตวอยางคอนกเรยนหญงชนมธยมศกษาตอนปลายจงหวดเชยงใหม จำนวน 1,372 คน ในการตรวจสอบความเทยงตรง แบบสอบถามไดรบการตรวจสอบความเทยงตรงเชงเนอหาจากผเชยวชาญ 6 ทาน จากนนจงดำเนนการตรวจสอบความเทยงตรงเชงโครงสรางดวยการวเคราะหองคประกอบเชงยนยน สวนดานความเชอมน (Reliability) ผวจยดำเนนการตรวจสอบสอดคลองภายในดวยการหาสมประสทธความเชอมนดวยวธสมประสทธอลฟาของครอนบาค (Cronbach’s α) และคาความเชอมนของตวแปรแฝง (Construct Reliability) ผลการวเคราะหองคประกอบเชงยนยนพบวา แบบจำลองการถกปลกฝงอดมคตเกยวกบความผอมซงประกอบไปดวย 3 องคประกอบมความสอดคลองกบขอมลเชงประจกษ (X = 1136.469; p < 0.01, RMSEA = 0.061, SRMR = 0.045, CFI = 0.917 และ TLI = 0.905) ซงแสดงใหเหนวาแบบสอบถามรปแบบการรบประทานอาหารมความเทยงตรงเชงโครงสรางทด นอกจากนพบวา แบบสอบถามมความเชอมนสง (Cronbach’s α = 0.841-0.937, Construct Reliability = 0.885 – 0.962) ผลการศกษาสนบสนนวาแบบสอบถามการถกปลกฝงอดมคตเกยวกบความผอมเปนแบบวดทมคณสมบตการวดทางจตวทยาทเหมาะในการวดการถกปลกฝงอดมคตเกยวกบความผอมสำหรบนกเรยนมธยมปลายหญง ซงแบบสอบถามดงกลาวจะเปนเครองมอทมประโยชนในการวจยและการปฏบตงานทเกยวกบสขภาวะทางจตใจและพฤตกรรมวยรนหญงตอไป คำสำคญ: นกเรยนหญงระดบชนมธยมศกษาตอนปลาย วยรนหญง แบบสอบถามการถกปลกฝงอดมคตเกยวกบความผอม ความเทยงตรง ความเชอมน The objectives of the study were to develop and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thai Thin Ideal Internalization Questionnaire in female high-school students. The Thai Thin Ideal Internalization Questionnaire in (T-TIIQ), developed by the authors, total 21 items consists of 3 subscales; namely, Thin Ideal Internalization from family, peer, and media. The participants in this study were 1,372 female high-school students in Chiang Mai. For validity, the content validity was reviewed by 6 experts. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine construct validity. For reliability, Cronbach’s α reliability and construct reliability were conducted for evaluating the internal consistency. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 3-factor model of the T-TIIQ had good fit with empirical data (X = 1136.469; p < 0.01, RMSEA = 0.061, SRMR = 0.045, CFI = 0.917 and TLI = 0.905), which demonstrated good construct validity. In addition, the T-TIIQ showed good reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.841-0.937, and construct reliability = 0.885-0.962). These findings indicate the T-TIIQ as a psychometrically sound measure of eating for female high-school students. Thus, the T-TIIQ can be useful instrument for assessing Thin Ideal Internalization for mental health and female adolescent behavioral research and practice among female high school students. Keywords: Female High-School Students, Female Adolescent, The Thai Thin Ideal Internalization Questionnaire (T-TIIQ), Validity, Reliability
Internalization
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The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale is widely used for the assessment of generalized anxiety disorder.To adapt the GAD-7 to the Chilean adolescent population and to evaluate its psychometric properties.The GAD-7 was adapted and administered to 2,022 adolescents between 13 and 19 years of age, recruited from eight schools in the northern area of Santiago, Chile. Other self-report instruments were used to assess depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life. The one factor structure and invariance by sex were examined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Its reliability and validity based on its relationship with other variables were assessed.The one-factor structure and invariance by sex were confirmed. The results showed an adequate internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86, Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.82). As expected, significant correlations were observed with measures of depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life. Higher scores were observed in women than in men.The Chilean version adapted for adolescents of the GAD-7 has good psychometric properties. Thus, it may be a useful and valid instrument for the assessment of generalized anxiety disorder in adolescents in Chile.
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Psychological Distress
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To translate the Perceived Stress Scale (versions PSS-4, -10 and -14) and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of general Greek population.941 individuals completed anonymously questionnaires comprising of PSS, the Depression Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21 version), and a list of stress-related symptoms. Psychometric properties of PSS were investigated by confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity), Cronbach's alpha (reliability), and by investigating relations with the DASS-21 scores and the number of symptoms, across individuals' characteristics. The two-factor structure of PSS-10 and PSS-14 was confirmed in our analysis. We found satisfactory Cronbach's alpha values (0.82 for the full scale) for PSS-14 and PSS-10 and marginal satisfactory values for PSS-4 (0.69). PSS score exhibited high correlation coefficients with DASS-21 subscales scores, meaning stress (r = 0.64), depression (r = 0.61), and anxiety (r = 0.54). Women reported significantly more stress compared to men and divorced or widows compared to married or singled only. A strong significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between the stress score and the number of self-reported symptoms was also noted.The Greek versions of the PSS-14 and PSS-10 exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties and their use for research and health care practice is warranted.
DASS
Perceived Stress Scale
Depression
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Caregivers of persons with dementia are prone to depression. Early identification of cognitive depressive symptoms is important to prevent the development of clinical depression. The Depressive Cognition Scale (DCS) can be used for early detection, but the scale's psychometrics have not been tested in caregivers of persons with dementia. In this study, 80 caregivers of persons with dementia completed the eight-item DCS and measures of caregiver burden and resourcefulness. A Cronbach's alpha of .88 indicated internal consistency. Construct validity was supported by significant correlations with caregiver burden (r = .40; p < .001) and resourcefulness (r = –.54; p < .001). Principal components factor analysis resulted in two factors in which five items loaded cleanly on one factor and two items have cross-loadings. Because prior factor analysis in previous studies resulted in one factor, we did confirmatory factor analysis in which we forced the items on one factor. All the items loaded on the single factor and the amount of variance explained was 55.99%. The findings suggest the DCS is useful for early detection of depression in caregivers of persons with dementia.
Depression
Exploratory factor analysis
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Objective:To construct a Chinese Version of MSLSS(Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfac- tion Scale)and test its reliability and validity.Methods:A total of 793 Chinese middle school students completed the MSLSS.Results:In the analysis of Chinese version of MSLSS,the cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90 and the test-retest reliability was 0.86.The correlative coefficients between the total and factors ranged from 0.71 to 0.80,and from 0.36 to 0.57 between different factors.The standardized loading coefficients of items to factors were from 0.35 to 0.89.The standardized loading coefficients of five latent variables to the previous latent variables were from 0.55 to 0.74.All the indexes of confirmatory factor analysis including x~2,x~2/df,NFI,CFI,TLI,RMSEA met the requirement of psychological measurement.Conclusion:The Chinese version of MSLSS can be used to evaluate Chinese middle school students' life satisfaction.
Item analysis
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Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of the French version of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale–Self Report (WFIRS-S) in a large clinical sample of adults with ADHD. Method: Patients ( N = 363) were diagnosed with ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria. Psychometric properties of the French version of the WFIRS-S were tested including construct validity with a confirmatory factor analysis, internal structural validity with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, external validity by correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II), and the EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis found the following: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.061, 90% confidence interval (CI) = [0.058, 0.063]; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.67. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .91. Correlations with EQ-5D descriptive index, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and BDI-II scores were –0.48, –0.55, and 0.53, respectively. Conclusion: The French version of the WFIRS-S is a psychometrically acceptable self-reported questionnaire for the multi-domain evaluation of functional impairments in adults with ADHD, for research and clinical purposes.
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