Enzymatic determination of serum neuron-specific enolase in small cell lung cancers. Utility of the serum neuron-specific enolase/serum nonneuronal enolase ratio
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Background: There have been several reports in the literature of dermatofibromas with granular cells. Here we report a granular cell tumor with the architecture of a dermatofibroma. This is the first report of this histological variant of granular cell tumor. The lesion was a 2.5‐cm oval, hyperpigmented plaque present for “years” on the back of a 60‐year‐old African‐American woman. Methods: The specimen was processed using formalin fixation and paraffin embedding. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with antibodies directed against S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase, and factor XIIIa. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed granular cells, some of which were spindle shaped, distributed singly and in small groups between collagen bundles resembling a dermatofibroma. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumor cells to be positive for S‐100 and neuron‐specific enolase and negative for factor XIIIa. Conclusion: The immunohistochemical findings support the diagnosis of a granular cell tumor with a dermatofibroma‐like pattern.
Dermatofibroma
Factor XIIIa
Enolase
Granular Cell Tumor
Granular cell
Fibroma
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An immunohistochemical study was carried out on 28 cases of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. Although this tumor has been considered to be of histiocytic origin on the basis of light and electron microscopic findings, there remains some debate about the histogenesis of the tumor. To clarify this point, by using the PAP method, each surgical specimen was stained for α 1 ‐ antitrypsin, a 1 ‐antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, ferritin, neuron specific enolase, and S‐100 protein. Tumor cells in fifteen out of 28 cases were positively stained for α 1 ‐antitrypsin, 19 for α 1 ‐antichymotrypsin, 23 for lysozyme, 22 for ferritin, 22 for neuron specific enolase, but no case for S‐100 protein. These results suggest that this tumor is composed of cells with histiocytic character. In addition, from the immunohistochemical point of view, at least two types of giant cells seem to exist in this disease. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 36:1487‐1494, 1986.
Histogenesis
Enolase
Tendon sheath
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A case of thymic atypical carcinoid with Cushing's syndrome and unfavorable clinical course is reported. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals distinct staining of tumor cells for ACTH, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranins (CG) and S-100 protein and with PHE-5 monoclonal antibody. At an ultrastructural level, the cells are undifferentiated with only a few neurosecretory granules. In the present case, immunohistochemical stainings for CG and with PHE-5 antibody seem reliable diagnostic tools, easily demonstrating the neuroendocrine nature of the neoplasm. NSE immunoreactivity can be an additional criterion. S-100-positive cells, which are present throughout the tumor, recall 'sustentacular cells', described in other neuroendocrine tumors.
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To define the characteristics of malignancy we performed routine histology and an immunohistochemical study on seventeen aortic body tumors in dogs. We essayed tumors using a panel of immunohistochemical markers: neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CrA) and S-100. Among 17 cases, the neoplastic cells were positive for NSE (17 cases, 100%), S-100 (9 cases, 53%), and CrA (8 cases, 47%), respectively. The sustentacular cells density and chief cell staining intensity were both inversely related to tumor grade. The most relevant data was consistent with a negative staining of S-100 correlated with absence or decreased number of sustentacular cells in tumors grade III. This report indicates that the immunohistochemical panel has utility for the diagnosis of chemodectoma and the negative staining to CrA and S-100 markers in tumors grade III expresses an indication of malignant behaviour of the tumor.
Chromogranin A
Chemodectoma
Enolase
Histology
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Summary In an immunohistochemical study of 25 canine chemodectomas, 17 tumours were stained with antisera to neurone specific enolase and the same number were stained for synaptophysin; a single tumour was stained for S100. Staining for Ki‐67 occurred in 18 cases; the Ki‐67‐labelling index and the intensity of immunostaining was increased in more pleomorphic and malignant tumours, as assessed on histological grounds. Immunohistochemistry did not aid in recognition of less well‐differentiated tumours.
Synaptophysin
Enolase
Immunostaining
Chemodectoma
Ki-67
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Forty-nine cutaneous plasmacytomas in 46 dogs were studied. Tumors occurred at solitary sites in middle-aged to old dogs (mean age, 9.7 years) and most commonly involved the skin of the digits, lips, and ears. Initial diagnosis was made on the basis of light microscopic morphologic findings. Tumors were graded according to the extent of cellular differentiation and immunoreactivity to a panel of immunohistochemical markers (cytokeratins, canine IgG F[ab]2, neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, S-100 protein, and vimentin). Immunoreactivity was limited to antibodies directed at canine IgG F(ab)2 and vimentin. Vimentin immunoreactivity was usually greater than that of canine IgG F(ab)2, but there was no correlation between immunoreactivity and histologic grade of the tumors. Thirty-six of 39 dogs (92.3%) followed (mean follow-up, 13 months) were cured by surgical excision. The results of this study indicate that canine cutaneous plasmacytomas are benign neoplasms that should be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous round cell tumors in dogs.
Neurofilament
Enolase
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Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin- embedded sections of rectal biopsies and of surgical specimens of the colon for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique greatly facilitates the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Axons were stained in normal and in aganglionic colon. The perikarya of normal ganglion cells from unaffected patients were strongly positive for NSE and were easily recognizable even when the nerve cells were immature. This technique, therefore, simplifies the task of distinguishing hypoganglionic from aganglionic colon. The hypertrophic submucosal axonal bundles characteristic of Hirschsprung's disease were also readily demonstrable
Enolase
Hirschsprung's disease
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Out of 360 lungs or lobes surgically removed, 13 non neoplastic specimens and 16 neuroendocrine (NE) tumours are investigated with immunohistochemical methods, in order to evaluate the presence of NE structures in normal and pathological human lungs. The markers used are neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin (CG) and the 80 kd antigen (80 kdAg) of NE secretory granules detected by the new monoclonal Phe-5 antibody. In non-neoplastic lung specimens, clearcut immunoreactivity for all three markers appears in NE cells, neuroepithelial bodies (NEB), NE cell-hyperplasias and dysplasias. In the same specimens 4 tumourlets with analogous clearcut immunoreactivities were also observed. The NE tumours show distinct immunoreactivity for all three antisera in the 8 well differentiated cases. The 8 poorly differentiated tumours are variably immunoreactive for NSE and present low to nil staining with antisera to CG and 80 kdAg. The immunohistochemical data are interpreted according to current views about a possible relationship between NE tumours and parent normal NE lung structures.
Chromogranin A
Enolase
Synaptophysin
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Fifty‐two malignant melanoma cases were divided morphologically into round, spindle and mixed‐cell types and were studied immunohistochemically on the localization and stainig intensity of S‐100 protein and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Most of malignant melanomas were positively stained for S‐100 protein and NSE. There were no correlation between the localization of S‐100 protein and three cell types. However S‐100 protein and degree of melanin production seemed to have an inverse relationship. On the other hand, for NSE, there were some differences on immunostaining intensity among the three cell types. Especially, deeply invasive melanomas showed strong reactivities for NSE and it may clinicopathologically indicate their poorer prognosis.
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Immunostaining
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