Control of Carmine Spider Mites on Cotton, 1980
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Abstract Eleven acaricidal compounds were evaluated for the control of the carmine spider mite at the Yuma Experiment Station during Sept and Oct. The population increase of mites followed a scheduled control program for lepidoptera larvae (particularly the pink bollworm). The test was a block design with 4 replications per treatment. Plots within the blocks were 2-row, skip 2 with 6 ft alleys in row between plots. Sprays were applied Sept 10 with a pressurized CO2 backpack sprayer (40 psi) at the rate of 40 gpa. Post treatment counts were made from 25 leaves/ plot picked at random and processed in the laboratory with a mite washer and separator technique.Keywords:
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Evaluation of the spray patterns is essential for making adjustments to an agricultural sprayer that would result in less chemical usage, less spray run-off onto the ground, and increased spray targeting accuracy. Therefore, in this study, a vertical patternator was fabricated to evaluate an axial-fan airblast sprayer. The airblast sprayer was retrofitted with variable rate nozzles and adjustable air-assist flow control, for citrus tree-specific precision spraying. Tests involved evaluating spray patterns at different nozzle flow rates and air-assist settings. Also, the air-assist measurements between the pair of nozzles were measured while the sprayer was stationary (no spray).
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Spraying is the main method used to apply pesticides to trellised vines in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. If the efficiency of spray applications is to be improved, the amount of pesticide employed is to be reduced, and the performance of existing and new spray technology enhanced, the leaf coverage achieved must be known and a system developed that can rapidly determine it. With these aims in mind, the authors built and tested a prototype tunnel sprayer and compared its efficiency to the three types of sprayer most commonly used in the region: the hydraulic sprayer, the air-assisted sprayer and the pneumatic sprayer. To determine and compare the coverage produced by these four machines, a rapid analysis system that combines the use of water-sensitive paper strips and an artificial vision system was developed. All four machines were used to spray a commercial fungicide (dose 200 L haE-1) at working pressures of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 MPa onto vines in a trellised vineyard. With all four models, the quality of the application improved with the spraying pressure, although the best spraying coverage was obtained with tunnel sprayer. Even though the results obtained were not optimum (the formation of a uniform film of fungicide on the leaf surface), the mean coverage achieved by the tunnel sprayer (as recorded by the water-sensitive papers attached to the leaves) was 54%, and on occasion over 79%.
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This study was conducted to compare of the pesticide residue amounts in fruit trees applied by different sprayers and spray volumes. Apple tree was used as a sample tree, and speed sprayer, power sprayer and knapsack motorized sprayer were tested. For similar sprayer and spray volume, the concentration of fluquinconazole and flusilazole in apple leaves were obtained respectively, for speed sprayer 8.33 and 2.15 mg/kg, for power sprayer 4.56 and 1.10 mg/kg, and for knapsack 4.55 and 1.12 mg/kg. The results showed that the treatment using speed sprayer had highest efficiency. The pesticide residues in apple leaves sprayed by 3 different spray volumes (560, 336 and 230 L/10a) using speed sprayer were 10.76 mg/kg, 8.32 mg/kg, 6.04 mg/kg on fluqinconazle and 3.04 mg/kg, 2.14 mg/kg and 1.47 mg/kg on flusilazole, respectively, indicating that the higher the volume, the higher the residues. The results from this study can be used as scientific basis for evaluating the field trial data for pesticide registration and the spray volume setting for fruit trees in Korea.
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Abstract Broccoli seedlings were transplanted to one-row plots located at Fayetteville, AR, on 16 Aug. Plots were separated by 6 ft bare ground and each plot held 12 plants at 2-ft intervals. Experimental design was a randomized complete block (8 treatments × 4 replications). Sprays were applied 1, 15 and 22 Sep with a hand held COz sprayer equipped with one Spraying Systems TX6 nozzle and calibrated to deliver 12.8 gal/acre. ICW and CL were counted on each plant on 5, 18, and 25 Sep. Plants were rated for foliar damage 20 Sep and 6 Oct.
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A bench-mounted sprayer-flamer for research work is described. Constant rate spraying, logarithmic-dosage spraying, and flaming can be done at variable spray pressures and 10 speeds. The sprayer-flamer facilitates accurate and rapid application of material on plants and soil in pots and flats. The logarithmic-dosage sprayer gives a 16-fold variation in spray concentration over a 3-ft distance.
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Journal Article Physiological Responses to Spider Mite Infestation on Strawberries Get access F. V. Sances, F. V. Sances 2 Dept. of Entomology, Univ. of Calif., Riverside 92521 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. A. Wyman, J. A. Wyman 2 Dept. of Entomology, Univ. of Calif., Riverside 92521 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. P. Ting I. P. Ting 3 Dept. of Botany and Plant Sciences, Univ. of Calif., Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 8, Issue 4, 1 August 1979, Pages 711–714, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/8.4.711 Published: 01 August 1979 Article history Received: 05 February 1979 Published: 01 August 1979
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Tetranychus
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High rainfall and humidity of the north eastern region of India creates a favourable environment for the prevalence of wide variety of insects, pests, diseases and weeds. For increasing the productivity of the crops there is a need to use an effective sprayer for spraying of pesticides. Therefore, a traditional lever operated knapsack (LOK) sprayer and battery operated hand held controlled droplet application (CDA) sprayer was tested to compare their suitability in the north eastern region. Both the sprayers were operated in the laboratory to study the droplet spectrum. The drift of the CDA sprayer was calculated from the standard data. Feasibility of the sprayers was also tested in the farmer's field. It was found that the CDA sprayer provided higher number of fine droplets which occupy considerable volume of spray and hence cover the target better than LOK sprayer. Further, it was found that the drift of droplets were negligible. In addition, application of concentrated formulation without dilution and even spray of fine droplets results in better deposition of chemicals on target by CDA sprayer as compared to LOK sprayer. Further, CDA sprayer reduced drudgery in spraying.
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Lever
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[Objective] The pesticide effective utilization rate and the spraying efficiency of four sprayers with different spray nozzles were compared.[Method] Using the fancy red as the pesticide spray tracer,the field spray droplet size,spraying efficiency,leaf deposition of pesticides recoveries and droplet field uniformity of the distribution of four sprayers with different spray nozzles were analyzed.[Result] The utilization rate of pesticide showed as electric sprayer motor sprayer hand sprayer manual mist sprayer;the spraying efficiency showed as motor sprayer electric sprayer manual mist sprayer hand sprayer;the electric sprayer had the best droplet field uniformity of pesticide,while the others were poorer.[Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for the popularization and application of new plant protection machines.
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Mist
Field crop
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A nursery sprayer based on a recycling principle was developed, constructed and then compared to a conventional tractor sprayer. With the recycling sprayer, pesticide suspension is more precisely directed onto the seedlings than with the conventional sprayer. During pesticide application on pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings with the recycling sprayer, between 40–90% of the pesticide is collected back into the tank. With the recycling sprayer, a smaller amount of pesticides is needed for equal spray coverage to that of the conventional tractor sprayer. Thus, the recycling sprayer reduces the costs of pesticide and also minimizes the contamination of the ground. However, the boom reach is shorter and therefore it takes longer to treat a given area resulting in a final cost that is equal or higher than with a conventional tractor sprayer. The occupational hygienic survey as well as biological monitoring revealed that the exposure of workers to pesticide did not differ during the recycling spraying and the conventional spraying. The exposure of the workers to pesticides were low with both spraying methods tested. The greatest contamination of protective clothes occurred while repairing the sprayers.
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Tractor
Pesticide application
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