Socio-Demographic Determinants of Anemia among Women: A Study about Empowered Action Group (EAG) States of India
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Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p=0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.64, CI 95% [1.041-2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.578, [0.334-0.998]). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.
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Iron deficiency and associated anemia are severe public health problems, which are prevalent in the developing world. We conducted a cross-sectional survey, comprised of written interview questions and laboratory analysis of blood biomarkers, in Kandal Province, Cambodia. The objective of this study is to examine possible factors that are associated with anemia in rural Cambodia. Data on socioeconomic status, water source/treatment practices, and meat consumption was also collected. Of the 297 women surveyed, 51.2% were anemic. Of those women found to be anemic, iron deficiency was implicated in 9.7% of cases (SF <15 ng/L), with an additional 18.5% reported to be borderline iron deficient (serum ferritin=15-30 ng/L). Meat consumption was very low, with nearly one-half of the women consuming meat one time per month or less. This study highlights the multi-faceted etiology of anemia in Cambodia and emphasizes the need for comprehensive nutrition surveying in order to better inform prevention and treatment programming and policy development. 缺铁性贫血是发展中国家一个严重的公共卫生问题。我们在柬埔寨干丹省做了 一个横断面调查，有书面问卷和血样分析。本研究的目标是检测柬埔寨农村与 贫血相关的潜在因素。同时也收集了社会经济状况、水来源/处理措施和肉类消 费数据。接受调查的297 名妇女中，51.2%患有贫血。这些贫血的妇女中，9.7% 缺铁（血清铁蛋白<15 ng/L），还有18.5%是临界缺铁（血清铁蛋白=15-30 ng/L）。肉类消费很少，将近一半的妇女每月仅摄入一次或少于一次的肉类。 本研究重点在于对柬埔寨贫血的多元病因分析，强调了营养普查的必要性，以 便更好地发展防治规划和政策。.
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Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p=0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.64, CI 95% [1.041-2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.578, [0.334-0.998]). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.
Cross-sectional study
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Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru to help explain why the prevalence remains high. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 61%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 47% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection in the last year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (23% vs. 14%, p=0.02) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.59, CI 95% [1.01-2.49]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.56, [0.32-0.96]). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, and a lack of access to safe drinking water.
Cross-sectional study
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Abstract Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru to help explain why the prevalence remains high. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water. RESULTS The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53.2%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet the recommendation for their age was 51.9%. Of the children with anemia, 45.1% consumed sufficient micronutrients to meet their recommendation, vs. 54.9% of children without anemia (p<0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection in the last year (35% vs. 26%, p=0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (23% vs. 14%, p=0.02) than those without anemia.. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR=1.59, CI 95% [1.01-2.49]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR=0.56, [0.32-0.96]), while controlling for the consumption of sufficient iron. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient micronutrients to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, and a lack of access to safe drinking water.
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In this paper we investigate the action of Polish groups (not necessary abelian) on uncountable Polish spaces. We consider two main situations. First, when the orbits given by group action are small and the second when the family of orbits are at most cou
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BACKGROUND: The increase of high anemia prevalence among pregnant women in Indonesia can reflect the raise of anemia potential in pregnancy. Food insecurity might influence the ability of households to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant women. AIM: This research aimed to find out the relationship between household food security status and anemia in pregnant women in Bektiharjo Village, Semanding District, Tuban Regency. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 50 pregnant women who lived in a typical rural area in Indonesia, namely Bektiharjo Village Semanding Sub-District Tuban District. The United States Household Food Security Survey Module questionnaire was used as the instrument for household food security status, while the level of hemoglobin was measured by the Easy Touch GCHb digital device. The Pearson Correlation test was used as a statistical test for this study. RESULTS: most respondents were of healthy reproductive age (76%). The prevalence of anemia was 32% affecting mostly women aged 20–35. Forty-six percent of households were experiencing food insecurity. There was a significant relationship between household food security status with anemia among pregnant women (p = 0.019; OR = −0.331). CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women with food-insecure household status are more at risk of experiencing anemia, especially iron-deficiency anemia. Increasing consumption of affordable foods that contain non-heme iron and iron enhancers is recommended for pregnant women living in food-insecure households.
Cross-sectional study
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