Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Lizard Family Xantusiidae
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Proceedings of the Sixth biennial conference of the International Biogeography Society, an international and interdisciplinary society contributing to the advancement of all studies of the geography of nature. Held at Miami, Florida, USA, 9 – 13 January 2013.Abstracts include:(i) the Opening, MacArthur & Wilson Award and Alfred Russel Award Plenary Lectures;(ii) four symposia entitled "Island Biogeography: New Syntheses", "Beyond Bergmann: New perspectives on the biogeography of traits", "The Convergence of Conservation Paleontology and Biogeography" and "Predicting species and biodiversity in a warmer world: are we doing a good job?";(iii) oral presentations from contributed papers on Phylogeography, Marine Biogeography, Biogeography of the Anthropocene, Hot Topics in biogeography, Island Biogeography, Neotropical Biogeography, Global Change Biogeography, Historical and Paleo-biogeography, Conservation Biogeography and Global-Scale Biogeography; and(iv) contributions presented as posters on Phylogeography, Geospatial techniques and land cover, Biodiversity gradients and macroecology, Biogeography of traits, Island Biogeography, Neotropical Biogeography, Conservation Biogeography, Disturbance and Disease Biogeography, Climate Change Biogeography and Historical and Paleo-Biogeography.
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Introduction: What Is Historical Biogeography? Part I: Methods in Historical Biogeography 1. Defining Distribution Areas and Areas of Endemism 2. Center of Origin and Dispersal 3. Phylogenetic Biogeography 4. Ancestral Areas 5. Panbiogeography 6. Cladistic Biogeography 7. Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity 8. Event-Based Methods 9. Phylogeography 10. Experimental Biogeography 11. A Comparison of Methods: The Case of the Southern Beeches Part II: Topics in Historical Biogeography 12. Molecular Phylogenies in Biogeography 13. Biodiversity and Conservation Evaluations 14. Species Introduction Conclusion: A Conceptual Framework for the Future Appendix A: Phylogeny Appendix B: Software in Historical Biogeography Glossary Works Cited Index
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Abstract Phylogenetic trees reconstructed from molecular sequences are often considered more reliable than those reconstructed from morphological characters, in part because convergent evolution, which confounds phylogenetic reconstruction, is believed to be rarer for molecular sequences than for morphologies. However, neither the validity of this belief nor its underlying cause is known. Here comparing thousands of characters of each type that have been used for inferring the phylogeny of mammals, we find that on average morphological characters indeed experience much more convergences than amino acid sites, but this disparity is explained by fewer states per character rather than an intrinsically higher susceptibility to convergence for morphologies than sequences. We show by computer simulation and actual data analysis that a simple method for identifying and removing convergence-prone characters improves phylogenetic accuracy, potentially enabling, when necessary, the inclusion of morphologies and hence fossils for reliable tree inference.
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Hainan Island,an island of tropical monsoon,is the second largest island and smaller than Taiwan in China.With the development of biogeography theory,numerous studies on the biogeography of amphibian and reptile in Hainan Island have been done.We reviewed these studies based on both descriptive biogeography and interpretative biogeography,and then discussed some questions in future studies.
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The origins and evolution of metazoa(metazoans) traditionally studied on their comparative morphology and embryology are important issues in animal biology, palaeontology and evolutionary biology. As the successive progress and universally application of molecular genetics and molecualr developmental biology in these study areas, it is possible to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of all groups of metazoans on their genetic and developmental mechanisms. In this paper, we reviewed the molecular phylogeny and discussed the existing problems in metazoan studies, meanwhile, we are also oversighting the studies of matazoan evolution in the future.
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The latest edition of this highly successful and popular textbook has been completely revised and updated to include the latest developments in biogeography. It offers excellent insight into the multi-disciplinary nature of biogeography, providing the student with a sound historical base, up-to-date factual content and a clear explanation of current controversies.n
New chapter on molecular evidence for the interpretation of patterns of biogeography
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Strong use of references providing a platform for advanced students to follow further debate in the current literature
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