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    Lithium-Filled Double-Deck Layered Structure of theRELixCu2-yP2(RE= La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er; 0.82 ≤x≤ 1; 1.19 ≤y≤ 1.54) Series: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
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    Abstract:
    Abstract Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Tae‐Soo You at the Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea. The cover image shows how the spilled pieces of Li metal are serendipitously inserted into the space within the double‐deck anionic layers composed of Cu and P and eventually form the Li‐filled double‐deck layered structure that has been studied.
    There have been some sea disasters at times on the ships loaded with Lauan Wood. The authors have carried out model experiments and conducted experiments on ships at sea. These results had been reported in the Journal of this Society. Recently, an additional investigation has been made on the actual conditions of the ships on the service of Phillipine Route. The present paper reports the results of above investigation, the summary of which are as follows ; (1) It is reasonable that the value of GM of ships loaded with Lauan Wood on deck is 30cm or more over through the voyage. (2) It should not be ballasted by sea water for compensating GM in the ship's hold which is loaded with Lauan Wood. (3) It can be said to be good condition that Lauan Wood on deck is loaded as near the midship portion as possible. (4) The mean draft of ship should not be over the summer full load draft by regulation. (5) The fastening of wood on deck should be made by suitable lashing wires or chains not only transversely but also longitudinaly. (6) It is desirable to enlarge Freeing Ports and Scuppers on deck.
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    Model experiments were carried out on an ore and two container carriers in head and oblique regular waves. Relative water elevation around the bow and shipping water passing through the forecastle deck end were measured to analyze the behaviour of the shipping water on deck. Criterion for deck wetness was also examined by the O. S. M. calculations and the model experiments. Severity index to shipping water onto deck of the ship was proposed.
    Elevation (ballistics)
    The rolling response of ship with water on deck in random beam wave was numerically simulated.The random rolling equation of ship was established considering random beam wave excitation and heeling moment caused by the trapped water on deck.The formula for calculating quality of water on deck was derived based on Bernoulli equation.Taking a trawl ship as an examplet,he rolling responses of ship in different wave heights were calculated and the effect of trapped water on deck to ship capsizing was investigated.It is found thatt,he rolling process of ship has two roll centers when considering the water accumulated on the factory deck,and the random jumping from one roll center to another occurs.When the water on the trawl deck and the water on the factory deck are considered sepa-ratelyt,he ship rolls without capsizing even under high wave excitation.When the water on the trawl deck and the water on the factory deck are considered simultaneouslyt,he water accumulated on the trawl deck increases suddenly in the process of rolling and ship capsizes accordingly.
    Ship motions
    Factory (object-oriented programming)
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    Effect of various subdivision arrangements of ro-ro vessels on damage stability is discussed. The arrangements included single and double sides both below and above the car deck, with and without a double buoyant car deck, and with or with- out a watertight tween deck below the car deck. This gave as many as 16 various arrangements for each compartment length. The double sides both above and below the car deck are of the same width b = 0.1B. The double bottom, when not flooded, worsens damage stability. The car deck and tween decks should be ‘openwork’, to be transparent for water and air. Oth- erwise, the ship can capsize at the very initial stages of flooding. Double sides and a double car deck together improve con- siderably damage stability, both in terms of maximum arm and range. A new characteristic was introduced, termed the critical deck height. Flooding a deck above the critical height leads to a rapid capsizing of the ship.
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    Shipping water pressures on deck were investigated by forced heaving tests of a two-dimensional ship model. Test results of the shipping water pressures on deck, the relative waterelevations on the ship side, and the profiles of the shipping water on deck are shown anddiscussed. Approximate caluculations of amount of shipping water were carried out.
    Water pressure
    High pressure water
    Effect of various subdivision arrangements of ro-ro vessels on damage stability is discussed. The arrangements included single and double sides both below and above the car deck, with and without a double buoyant car deck, and with or without a watertight tween deck below the car deck. This gave as many as 16 various arrangements for each compartment length. The double sides both above and below the car deck are of the same width b = 0.1B. The double bottom, when not flooded, worsens damage stability. The car deck and tween decks should be ‘openwork’, to be transparent for water and air. Otherwise, the ship can capsize at the very initial stages of flooding. Double sides and a double car deck together improve considerably damage stability, both in terms of maximum arm and range. A new characteristic was introduced, termed the critical deck height. Flooding a deck above the critical height leads to a rapid capsizing of the ship.