Origin of Radiation
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The origin of radiation is almost as old as the history of the creation of matter. The term “radiating energy” is used to refer to energy conveyed by electromagnetic waves. This chapter uses the terms “exchange” or “transfer by radiation” to refer to all of the energy transfers occurring at a distance, between bodies, by electromagnetic waves. It presents the electromagnetic wave spectrum with the wavelengths and corresponding frequencies. This spectrum covers all of the radiations encountered in nature, including cosmic radiations, X-rays, microwaves, telephone waves and radio waves. The range of wavelengths between 0.1 µm and 100 µm admits specific characteristics: when electromagnetic radiation belonging to this range reaches a given surface, it produces excitation of the matter, which is reflected by an increase in the temperature: this is thermal radiation. The chapter also summarizes the characteristics of the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.Keywords:
Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio spectrum
Radiation properties
In this paper we analyze the presence and effects of classical electromagnetic waves with frequencies under 3Hz; which will be further referred as Under Extremely Low Frequency band (UELFB) waves. The nature of such kind of waves is extreme, as they are larger than Earths diameter. Because of the lack of useful engineering applications, organizations like the IEEE or the ITU have not given an official classification for this electromagnetic band. On the other hand, classical electromagnetic theory suggests that UELFB waves could be radiated by many astronomical objects, and then their interaction with matter (for example, dust, gas, and particles) could create stationary structures in the Universe. This paper proposes a UELFB wave classification, into frequency sub-bands, considering their wavelengths compared to the size of astronomical objects commonly seen in the Universe. The proposed classification for the fraction of the spectrum under the Extremely Low Frequency band contributes to the understanding of EM radiation characterized by frequencies under3Hz.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Frequency band
Radio spectrum
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Non-ionizing radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
Radiant energy
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This paper discusses the characteristics of the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) spectrum and the equipment operating within the spectrum. These characteristics are related to the unique nature and extent of the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC ) analysis and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control problems to be expected. Achieving EMC above 20 GHz is becoming increasingly important to the users of the EHF spectrum and the EMC community. Continued development and exploitation of the lower microwave region is resulting in spectral crowding which, in turn, will require greater utilization and exploitation of the much more open spectrum available at EHF. Consequently, the EMC community must plan for the control and orderly development of equipment for the utilization of the EHF spectrum.
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio spectrum
Frequency spectrum
Spectrum management
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Electromagnetic spectrum
Microwave transmission
Radio spectrum
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Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio spectrum
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Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio spectrum
Frequency spectrum
Frequency band
Extremely low frequency
Frequency dependence
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This chapter provides a background on thermal radiation, which is considered as the third mechanism of heat transfer after conduction and convection. It explains that the transfer of heat is a mechanism of energy transfer and is aimed at achieving thermal equilibrium and equal temperatures. It also points out that thermal radiation is an emission of electromagnetic waves which can be transferred between two bodies even if they are separated by a vacuum. The chapter considers thermal radiation as an electromagnetic radiation that is attributed to velocity, frequency, and wavelength. It discusses the radiation emitted and not equally distributed over a wide range of wavelengths, which is referred to as spectral distribution or spectrum.
Thermal Radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
Radiation properties
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Black-body radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
Thermal Radiation
Radiation properties
Radiant energy
Optical radiation
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Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio spectrum
Extremely high frequency
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