Antinuclear antibodies and thyroid function in sexually abused girls
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Abstract Sexually abused girls manifest dysregulation of physiological stress response systems. In this exploratory investigation, 14 sexually abused and 13 control girls, ages 8–15 years, recruited from a prospective, longitudinal study, underwent plasma antinuclear antibody and thyroid function tests. Thyroid function tests and plasma antinuclear antibody titers did not differ between sexually abused and control girls. However, a significantly higher incidence of plasma antinuclear antibody titers was seen in abused subjects when compared with the frequency of positive antinuclear antibody liters in a sample of 22 adult healthy female volunteers, ages 20–58 years. These findings suggest that sexually abused girls may show evidence of an alteration in normal immune homeostatic function.Immunofluorescence
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The connective tissue systemic diseases originate from pathologic process following with antinuclear antibodies emergence. To detect these antibodies a significant number of diagnostic tests and techniques has been applied. Besides that, there is no conventional algorithm of antinuclear antibodies diagnostic. To detect antinuclear antibodies a two-fold diagnostic algorithm was applied In the capacity of screening techniques the indirect immunofluorescence technique was applied to the cells of line Hep-2 (antinuclear factor) and detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen. The second stage of diagnostic included the detection of content of more specific antinuclear antibodies using the Lineblott method and the double-helical DNA antibodies. The blood serum from 981 patients with suspected connective tissue systemic diseases, 115 patients with systemic lupus erythematous and 57 healthy individuals was analyzed. The levels of antinuclear factor, nuclear antigen antibodies and double-helical DNA antibodies were detected. The antinuclear factor was detected in 84% and 86% of cases, double-helical DNA antibodies in 55% and 39% of cases depending of reagents using in detecting these characteristics. Among healthy individuals, antinuclear factor was detected in 5% (1/20) of blood serum samples in titers less than 1:160. In the group of patients with suspected connective tissue systemic diseases, antinuclear factor was detected in 48% (474/981) of cases and extractable nuclear antigen in 20% (326/981) of cases. The Lineblott test was positive in 33% (326/981) of patients with suspected connective tissue systemic diseases. Among antinuclear factor positive patients nuclear antigen antibodies were detected in 36% (171/474) and the Lineblott test was positive in 63% (298/474) of cases. Among antinuclear factor negative patients but positive under anti-nuclear antigen identification, the Lineblott test was positive in 6% (28/507) of cases. The two-fold algorithm of nuclear antigen testing is an effective technique to be applied in the clinical diagnostic laboratory. The results of effectiveness of this algorithm demonstrated that this method can ensure 33% of cost savings of testing individuals with higher incidence of diseases.
Extractable nuclear antigens
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Objective To explore the value of the combined of antinuclear and antibodies(ANA) and antinuclear antibody spectrum(ANAs) in autoimmune disease(AID).Methods A total of 5971 Chinese patients with antinuclear antibodies negative were studied.All of them were detected the ANAs by Europe-Mongolia immunity print,while ANA was measured by Europe-Mongolia indirect immunoflurescence assay.Results There were 422 cases which ANA were negative showed positive in ANAs(7.07%).The positive rate of anti-SSA,anti-SSB,anti-ScL-70,anti-PM-Scl,anti-Jo-1,anti-PCNA,anti-dsDNA,anti-AHA,anti-ARPA,anti-AMA-M2was1.46%,0.33%,0.35%.0.35%,0.28%,0.32%,0.83%,0.63%,0.60% and 0.75% respectively.The positive rate of anti-Ro-52 was the highest(2.04%),and the second one was anti-SSA(1.46%).The frequency of anti-PCNA was associated with patients'age(χ 2 = 6.33,P 0.05).The positive rate of only one antibody positive in ANAs was statistically higher in female than in male(χ 2 = 6.51,P 0.05).Conclusion The results in this study suggest screening with both ANA and ANAs can improve the diagnosis of AID.
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Antinuclear antibodies are used in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with connective tissue diseases. The study of antinuclear antibodies has also fundamentally expanded our understanding of nuclear anatomy and function. This article reviews the clinically relevant antinuclear antibodies and their disease associations. Developing an understanding of the utilities and limitations of antinuclear antibodies is essential to providing the expert diagnoses prognoses, and care expected of a dermatologist.
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Abstract Sera from 47 patients with PSS were studied for the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Antinuclear antibodies were present in 60 per cent of the sera in a titer of 1 :16 or greater. In most cases the titer was low, but a titer of 1 :256 or greater was present in sera from 6 patients. The pattern of nuclear fluorescence was most commonly that of fine or large speckles. Most sera contained both IgC and IgM antinuclear antibodies. There was no relation between duration of disease or severity of disease and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Similarly, no correlation could be demonstrated between clinical findings and the immunoglobulin class, titer, or staining pattern of antinuclear antibody. The prevalence of high tilers of antinuclear antibodies was greater in patients with hypergammaglobulinemia than in those with normal levels of gamma globulin. Rheumatoid factor was present in 33 per cent of sera. Patients with high liters of rheumatoid factor tended to have high tilers of antinuclear antibodies. Antinuclear antibodies were found in low titer in 7 per cent of blood relatives less than 60 years of age. The number of sera with antinuclear antibodies was slightly higher in the non‐aged relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (11 per cent), while the prevalence in relatives of patients with chronic discoid lupus (2 per cent) was similar to that of a group of healthy student nurses. The results reveal that antinuclear antibodies of a speckled pattern are commonly present in sera from patients with FSS and appear to be unrelated to the duration or severity of the disease. The peripheral pattern of nuclear fluorescence produced by sera from acutely ill patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was not observed with any of the sera of patients with PSS. These obs 3 ervations emphasize the fact that the presence of antinuclear antibodies in general is not diagnostic of any one disease, and indicate that the pattern of nuclear fluorescence produced by the antinuclear antibodies may aid in confirmation of clinical diagnosis.
Rheumatoid factor
Scleroderma (fungus)
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Immunofluorescence
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Objective To investigate the correlation between the positive combinations of different items in antinuclear antibody speckled pattern in serum and those in specific antinuclear antibody profile.Methods Contrast analysis was carried out to detect the type of anti-ANA profile(including antibodies to U1-Nrnp,Sm,SS-A,SS-B,Scl-70,Jo-l,SCL-70,PM-Scl,centromere B,nukleosome,PCNA,ds-DNA,histones,ribosomal-P protein and AMA-M2)of 87 cases with positive speckled antinuclear antibodies.Results There were 23 types of positive combinations of different items in the ANA profile of speckled antinuelear antibody.And 13 types of the specific antinuclear antibodies were positive,except SCL-70 and PM-Scl.The positive rates of single antibodies and their comhinations (including histone with negative ds-DNA,Sm,nukleosome,PCNA,Rib-P.P)could reach as high as 19.5%(17/87).The sensitivity of diagnosis for systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)would be increased through examining these antibodies together.There was no significant association between the positive rates of the ANA profile and the titer of antinuclear antibody.Conclusion The specific type of anti-ANAs antibodies cannot be predicated simply according to the fluorimetrie caryotypo.Combined examination of multiple approaches can increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis for SLE.Specific antinuclear antibody profile should be,analyzed in the patients with low titer of speckled antinuclear antibodies.
Key words:
Antinuclear antibody; Speckled pattern; Antinuclear antibody profile; Titer
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Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a rare, scarring form of alopecia with lymphocytic pattern. Due to the destruction of epithelial hair follicle stem cells in the bulge, it represents an irreversible condition. Antinuclear antibodies have been used for decades as diagnostic biomarkers of several rheumatological diseases.The aim of study was to determine the frequency of anti-nuclear antibodies positivity and subsequently analyze the presence of specific antibodies in LPP patients.57 patients (aged 28-79, female 96%) were included in the study. Patients with LPP were treated in Department of Dermatology of University Hospital in Cracow, Poland and were identified on individual record review. Antinuclear antibodies were detected using indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells and immunoblot test.Antinuclear antibodies were detected in sera of 48 out of 57 LPP patients (84,2%). In 22 (46%) patients antinuclear antibodies specificity could be defined, anti-dsDNA and anti-Ro/anti-SSA being most common.Antinuclear antibodies were detected in sera of 48 out of 57 LPP patients (84,2%). In 22 (46%) patients antinuclear antibodies specificity could be defined, anti-dsDNA and anti-Ro/anti-SSA being most common.
Immunofluorescence
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We prospectively studied antinuclear antibodies induced by isoniazid in 109 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Ten of 50 patients (20.0%) with complete follow-up developed antinuclear antibodies after anti-tuberculous treatment. None developed symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. Female had a higher incidence to develop antinuclear antibodies than men (p＜0.01). Antinuclear antibodies in these patients were treated with various antituberculosis drugs, isoniazid was the only drug that can induce antinuclear antibodies.
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