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Flow-volume, spirometric parameters and chest X-ray examinations were obtained in 162 workers exposed to diatomaceous earth dust and in a group of 81 healthy subjects for comparison.The dust contained from 66.5 to 74.1% of SiO2. Smokers were found in 74.5% of the workers and in 77.3% of the control subjects.Pneumoconiosis were found in 18% (27 cases) of the workers by chest X-ray examinations. The grade of their pneumoconiosis were all mild (25 cases of PR1 and 2 cases of PR2).Eight workers were obstructive (FEV1%<70%), one case was constrictive (%VC<80%) and one case showed mixed disorder in spirometry. The mean value of FEV1% in male workers of age-group 50-55 years was lower than that of the control subjects.In flow-volume test, the mean values of V50 in male workers of age-group 50-55 years and in female of age-groups 30-39 and 40-49 years, were lower than those of the control subjects. Furthermore, the mean values of V25 in male and female workers of age-group 40-49 years, were lower than those of the control subjects. Those differences were statistically significant.Nevertheless, mean values of ratios V50/V25 of workers were not different from those of the control subjects by each sex and by age-group.Comparison of pneumoconiosis group (20 cases) and no-finding group (69 cases) in respiratory function tests were not different in male workers of age-group 40-55 years.On the basis of our observations, we recommend the use of the flow-volume parameters (V50 and V25) in respiratory examinations in workers exposed to diatomaceous earth dust.Keywords:
Pneumoconiosis
Silicosis
Age groups
The authors examined indicators of the effect of free radicals (MDA, SOD, GSHPx, selenium) in 20 patients with notified simple silicosis or miner's pneumoconiosis, in 11 patients with complicated silicosis or miner's pneumoconiosis and in 10 patients exposed to fibrogenic dust without an X-ray finding of pneumoconiosis. No statistically significant differences between individual groups were found. Subsequent investigations should be focused on subjects with incipient pneumoconiosis who are not yet entitled to damages.
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Abstract An unusual case of silicosis is described in a worker who inhaled the dust of pure silica while working in a sandstone quarry. The exposure lasted only eight years. In 1980, 45 years after exposure ceased, severe clinical manifestations of silicosis appeared for the first time. The chest X‐ray showed a pneumoconiosis A 2mn/A2 Mn Cor, em, hilus, based on the International Classification of Geneva, 1958. A diagnosis of sandstone pneumoconiosis was made. The case is one further example of late‐occurring disease appearing after a latency of several decades.
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Is bronchitis and emphysema more prevalent among miners and exminers? If so, how is it related to the x-ray changes of pneumoconiosis and to industrial exposure? This is a question often asked but to which no very satisfactory answer has yet been given. I prefer the term "coalworkers' pneumoconiosis" to "silicosis", because my contribution is the result of the studies among coalworkers in Great Britain in whom silicosis is rather rare. Dr. G. Nagelschmidt has already commented on this, and produced additional evidence that the condition we most commonly see in coalminers is the result of the accumulation of large quantities of coal in the lung, and that cases with histological evidence of silicosis are rare.
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Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational disease that seriously threaten the health of workers, which was regard as incurable for the irreversibility of pulmonary fibrotic lesions. It was successfully controlled in a few countries but resurgent in resent years. At the same time, the silicosis in the emerging industries has gradually appeared in many countries. In this article, the process aforementioned were described and the lessons were summarized to give some suggestions for promoting the prevention of pneumoconiosis in our country.尘肺是严重危害工人健康的职业病，由于肺部纤维化的不可逆性，该病一度被认为是"可防不可治"的，国际上虽曾经有尘肺控制的成功经验，但近几年来尘肺病的发病又有增多迹象。与此同时，包括我国在内的多个国家出现新兴行业中的快速进展型矽肺病例报告。我们查阅相关文献，旨在描述这部分发展历程并从中总结经验和教训，为我国的尘肺防治工作建言献策。.
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Silicosis and coal-workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) are fibrotic lung diseases secondary to the inhalation of free silica and coal dust. Exposure is typically occupational and occurs over many years before symptoms develop. Cough and shortness of breath are the most common presenting symptoms. Imaging features of silicosis and CWP are similar and often indistinguishable. Both silicosis and CWP result in upper lobe predominant disease. Pulmonary nodules are the most common imaging feature which may coalesce into progressive massive fibrosis. Lymphadenopathy and emphysema are additional findings seen in patients with silicosis and CWP. Silicosis has a higher incidence of tuberculosis and both pneumoconioses have a higher incidence of lung cancer.
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Dust-related lung diseases still occupy a significant place among other forms of occupational pathology, accounting for about 30% in the structure of occupational diseases in our country. Pneumoconiosis continues to be one of the priority problems of occupational medicine worldwide, and for many developing countries - one of the most important: at various production facilities the number of patients with silicosis reaches 54.6% of the number of workers. In Canada, 283 cases of silicosis have been reported among 68,000 people working in dust-exposed environments; in the United States, about 3 million people have significant occupational exposure to silica dust.
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Coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis are two important respiratory disorders that result from the inhalation of respirable particles in mining. This chapter focuses on the clinical aspects of these disorders, including their pathogenesis and pathology, and approaches to their evaluation and management.
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Occupational lung disease
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Pneumoconiosis, or occupational lung disease, is one of the world's most prevalent work-related diseases. Silicosis, a type of pneumoconiosis, is caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Although silicosis can be fatal, it is completely preventable. Hundreds of thousands of workers globally are at risk of being exposed to RCS at the workplace from various activities in many industries. Currently, in Australia and internationally, there are a range of methods used for the respiratory surveillance of workers exposed to RCS. These methods include health and exposure questionnaires, spirometry, chest X-rays, and HRCT. However, these methods predominantly do not detect the disease until it has significantly progressed. For this reason, there is a growing body of research investigating early detection methods for silicosis, particularly biomarkers. This literature review summarises the research to date on early detection methods for silicosis and makes recommendations for future work in this area. Findings from this review conclude that there is a critical need for an early detection method for silicosis, however, further laboratory- and field-based research is required.
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Pneumoconiosis
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Occupational lung disease
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