Magnetic Multilayers
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Abstract:
Single crystal multilayer films with alternate heavy rare earth and yttrium layers have been shown by neutron diffraction to exhibit long-range magnetic order. Analysis of the neutron results on Dy|Y and Er|Y superlattices shows that the phase of the modulated magnetic structures in the Dy and Er is preserved across the intervening Y non-magnetic layers and corresponds to a "pseudo turn-angle" near 51 degrees in the Y, which is in accord with theoretical calculations from the band structure. This suggests that the exchange coupling is via a conduction band spin density wave in both Y and Dy, stabilized by the 4f spins of the Dy. The magnetic coherence length, determined from the neutron linewidth, exhibits a 1/r dependence on the Y layer thickness for a fixed number of Dy planes. The ferromagnetic transitions occurring in the pure elements are completely suppressed in the multilayers due to epitaxial "clamping" by the Y layers which exhibits the development of sufficient magnetostrictive strain to induce the phase transition. The temperature of the intermediate transitions in Er|Y multilayers is also modified by magnetostriction and evidence is found for different turn angles for c-axis and basal plane moment components.Keywords:
Magnetic structure
Owing to the strong neutron absorption of 151Eu, 151Eu free 153EuMnO3-δ has been synthesized to collect the neutron diffraction data for analyzing the magnetic structure of EuMnO3-δ. The obtained neutron diffraction data of 153EuMnO3-δ indicates that the magnetic diffraction peaks corresponding to cAAFM (canted A-type antiferromagnetic) phase can be observed, but the magnetic diffraction peaks corresponding to expected ICAFM (incommensurate antiferromagnetic) phase may be too weak to be observed.
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The magnetic structure of TbFe3 was determined at room temperature and 77 K by powder neutron diffraction. The magnetic structure is essentially that of HoFe3, a colinear ferrimagnetic structure with the Tb moments coupled antiparallel to those of Fe in the basal plane. The three non-equivalent crystallographic Fe sites exhibit different magnetic moments. On the basis of the neutron diffraction data collected above the ordering temperature, it is concluded that no substitution of Tb by Fe occurs.
Ferrimagnetism
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Antiparallel (mathematics)
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The magnetic structure of EuCu2Ge2 has been determined by flat-plate neutron powder diffraction. Two magnetic phases are present in the neutron diffraction pattern at 3.5 K. They have the same moment, within error, and a common transition temperature. Both 151Eu and 153Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy show that the two magnetic phases belong to the same crystallographic phase. Both phases can be modelled by planar helimagnetic structures: one with a propagation vector of [0.654(1), 0, 0], the other with a propagation vector of [0.410(1), 0.225(1), 0].
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Neutron diffraction ( lambda =0.504 AA) has been used to show that below TN=27+or-3K, GdBe13 exhibits a spiral structure. The propagation vector is parallel to c and independent of temperature. The magnetic moments M of the Gd3+ ions are perpendicular to the c axis. The thermal variation of M can be accounted for by means of a molecular field approximation (J=7/2, gJ=2).
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Ferrimagnetism
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Atmospheric temperature range
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Abstract The magnetic behavior of HoCoO 3 and TbCoO 3 has been studied from magnetic measurements and neutron diffraction experiments performed on polycrystalline samples. The magnetic measurements indicate that the Co 3+ ions exhibit a low‐spin electronic configuration t 2g 6 e g 0 with S = 0 below room temperature. The neutron diffraction data show that HoCoO 3 and TbCoO 3 order with an antiferromagnetic structure below T N = 3 and 3.6 K, respectively. The magnetic structure for HoCoO 3 and TbCoO 3 are given by the basis vectors ( A x ,0, C z ) and ( C x ,0, A z ), respectively. Therefore, the magnetic moments are in the (010) plane. At T = 1.5 K, the ordered magnetic moments of Ho 3+ and Tb 3+ ions are 6.48(4) and 7.86(4) μ B , respectively.
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