Cognitive styles, reasoning abilities, and cognitive control
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Cognitive style
Cognitive architectures are theories of cognition that try to capture the essential representations and mechanisms that underlie cognition. Research in cognitive architectures has gradually moved from a focus on the functional capabilities of architectures to the ability to model the details of human behavior, and, more recently, brain activity. Although there are many different architectures, they share many identical or similar mechanisms, permitting possible future convergence. In judging the quality of a particular cognitive model, it is pertinent to not just judge its fit to the experimental data but also its simplicity and ability to make predictions.
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How can approaching the topic of 4E cognition from an evolutionary perspective shed light on aspects of cultural and biological evolution, the nature of cognition in general, and of human nature in particular? The four papers in this section offer a temporal analysis that puts cognition into a context of larger processes that span historical and indeed evolutionary time, and they embed the dynamics of cognition beyond brains and individuals, into groups and even species. This analysis does not deny the importance of abstract representations for human cognition. However, all four contributions suggest that in focusing too narrowly on representational cognition we lose sight of the basic mechanisms supporting and driving cognition. Furthermore, to understand these, we need to understand not only how these processes are embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended, but also how they are shaped, transmitted, and diversified in processes of group formation.
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Connectionism
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This paper discusses the effect of different expressing ways of digital information on samples who have two cognition styles-field independence and filed dependence by two kinds of questions.According to the results,in two kinds of questions,the samples who have filed independence cognition styles are easier to be affected by the expressing ways of digital information.However,it is not obvious for the samples who have field dependence cognition styles.In question Ⅱ,there is an obvious effect on male samples who have field independence cognition styles.But it is not very obvious for female samples.Based on the results,it seems that samples who have different cognition styles and different sexes have different cognition ways and decision characteristics.
Independence
Cognitive style
Need for cognition
Field dependence
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The basic questions addressed in this book are: what is the computational nature of cognition, and what role does it play in language and other mental processes?; What are the main characteristics of contemporary computational paradigms for describing cognition and how do they differ from each other?; What are the prospects for building cognition and how do they differ from each other?; and what are the prospects for building an artificial intelligence? The text features previously unpublished contributions from some of the leading researchers in cognitive science and artificial intelligence. It also addresses important issues about the nature of cognition and describes approaches to modelling cognition at a level that is accessible to introductory students.
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Understanding how and why human cognition has the properties it does is one of science’s fundamental questions. Current thinking in Cognitive Science has delineated two candidate approaches that differ in how they address the question of the relationship between sensory-motor and cognitive processes. In this paper, we add to this discussion by arguing that this question is properly phrased as a developmental question and that ultimately to understand the properties of human cognition we must ask how does human cognition come to have these properties. We conclude that because development weaves brains, bodies and environments into cognition, cognition is inexorably linked to processes of perceiving and acting and inseparable from them.
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Animal cognition
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