Induced Polarization (IP) Measurements of Soils from an Aged Hydrocarbon Contaminated Site
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PreviousNext No AccessSymposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2003Induced Polarization (IP) Measurements of Soils from an Aged Hydrocarbon Contaminated SiteAuthors: Gamal Z. Abdel AalEstella A. AtekwanaLee D. SlaterCraig UlrichGamal Z. Abdel AalDept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Missouri‐Rolla, Rolla, MO. 65409, Estella A. AtekwanaDept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Missouri‐Rolla, Rolla, MO. 65409, Lee D. SlaterDept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Ave., Newark, NJ 07102, and Craig UlrichDept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Ave., Newark, NJ 07102https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2923160 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introductory paragraph for this paper is available only in the PDF and GZipped PS filesPermalink: https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2923160FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByEvidence for microbial enhanced electrical conductivity in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments11 December 2004 | Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, No. 23Effects of microbial processes on electrolytic and interfacial electrical properties of unconsolidated sediments25 June 2004 | Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, No. 12 Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2003ISSN (online):1554-8015Copyright: 2003 Pages: 1491 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 The Environmental and Engineering Geophysical SocietyPublisher:Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society HistoryPublished: 30 Sep 2008 CITATION INFORMATION Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, Estella A. Atekwana, Lee D. Slater, and Craig Ulrich, (2003), "Induced Polarization (IP) Measurements of Soils from an Aged Hydrocarbon Contaminated Site," Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems Proceedings : 190-201. https://doi.org/10.4133/1.2923160 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of the factors identified by the Johnson, Kendall and Robert’s theory that affect the strength of the detachment force necessary to remove a particle of contaminant from a surface, and the roughness of the surface in which the contaminant is present, on predicting the efficiency of removal of loose contamination. Two methods were used to reach this objective: the first method consisted of quantifying the contamination by weight and the second method of quantifying the contamination by counting alpha and gamma particles. As a result, it was determined that for particles of 5 μm, the interaction between contaminant-wipe and contaminant-surface were significant. However, for particles between 37-149 μm, the contaminant-surface interaction was the only significant interaction affecting the amount of contamination removed. The results obtained were already used at a contaminated site, confirming the prediction of contamination removed
Particle (ecology)
Contamination control
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In order to study the mechanism of skin contamination, the experiment was carried out by a fresh pig skin. The pig skin was contaminated with carrier free 90Sr-90Y or 32P and after a certain time elapsed, it was sliced off about 0.5mm in thickness. The adhered contamination of outer skin (abbr.; the adhered contamination) or the permeated contamination of inner skin (abbr.; the permeated contamination) in each sliced sample was measured by low back ground G-M counter. The result obtained showed that in regard to 90Sr-90Y and 32P, the adhered contamination changed extraordinarily within 60 min after contamination and then it incresed gradually with an increase of contaminating time and that particularly in the case of 90Sr-90Y, pH of contaminating solution affected much the adhered contamination. Furthermore, 90Y showed a selective adhesion at the broad pH region, that is, from a weak acidity to an alkalinity. On the other hand, the result obtained showed that in regard to 90Sr-90Y and 32P, the permeated contamination increased with an increase of contaminating time and that 32P permeated quickly more into the inside of skin than that of 90Sr-90Y. 90Y contributed greatly to the permeated contamination as well as to the adhered contamination, if pH of 90Sr-90Y solution is over 4.5.
Pig skin
Alkalinity
radioactive contamination
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The optical contamination control systems of Skylab are reviewed, covering contamination sources, critical elements, flight hardware configuration, contamination monitoring sensors, mathematical contamination prediction models, contamination cloud and deposition models, and hardware implementation. Also considered are supportive contamination tests, contamination mission support activities, Skylab contamination evaluation, contamination measurement experiments, and the effectiveness of contamination control measures. Sources of contamination are identified, Skylab system susceptibility to contamination is determined, and predictions are made for surface contamination deposition and background brightness levels. Mission evaluation results indicate that, barring anomalous conditions, Skylab mission equipment and activities are adequate to reduce the general contamination level to the sensitivity threshold levels for experiments and affected subsystems.
Contamination control
radioactive contamination
Air contamination
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In order to learn the influence of natural contamination component on contamination evaluation and contamination flashover voltage,the study status of natural contamination component on insulators surface was researched.The component,classification and measurement methods of natural contamination were summed up.Sources of main natural contamination component,relationships between contamination evaluation and natural contamination component,and between contamination flashover voltage and natural contamination component were studied.It was found out that main domestic natural contamination component came from the soot type air pollution;contamination evaluation with equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD) was insufficient.The relationship between contamination flashover voltage and insolubility contamination granularity was found out.Finally,some advises about studying natural contamination component are given out.It is necessary to focus on studying the influence of organic contamination and establish a new contamination evaluation system.
Arc flash
Component (thermodynamics)
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During 2016, following the implementation of a dioxin contamination monitoring in poultry meat (ducks) in a slaughterhouse, a positive sample was found. The investigation identified the wood shavings used as bedding material in the duck farm as the possible source of contamination of these animals. In this episode, contamination profiles of higher and lower concentrations, seem to be very similar, being OCDD, OCDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD responsible for 74.4% of the total contamination of those animals. The study revealed a reduction of poultry contamination after the removal of the source of contamination, with an average daily depletion percentage level ranging between 1.43% and 4.35%.
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A great number of published data and our experimental results of interfacial tensions between hydrocarbon compounds and CO2 were collected and screened. Based on these experimental data, the changing laws of interfacial tensions between different kinds of hydrocarbon compounds and CO2 were obtained, interfacial tensions between different kinds of saturated chain hydrocarbons and CO2 were compared with each other, and interfacial tensions of three different binary system (monocyclic hydrocarbon compounds-CO2 system, hydrocarbon compounds monocyclic and chain structure-CO2 system and dicyclic hydrocarbon compounds-CO2 system) were compared with those of saturated chain hydrocarbon compounds-CO2 system. It is found that molecular structure is the main factor to affect the sizes of interfacial tensions between hydrocarbon compounds and CO2; when carbon numbers of different kinds of hydrocarbon compounds are equal, their proper order from big to small in interfacial tension is: polycyclic hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon monocyclic and chain structure, monocyclic hydrocarbon, saturated chain hydrocarbon. The comparison results at different pressure conditions were respectively used to establish the conversion relations in equivalent carbon number between interfacial tensions of cyclic hydrocarbon-CO2 systems and those of saturated chain hydrocarbon-CO2 systems.
Carbon chain
Chain (unit)
Aromatic hydrocarbon
Carbon fibers
Hydrocarbon mixtures
Carbon number
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Surface contamination of GaAs due to resist film stripper “J–100” during the photo-etching process is investigated. It is found that the electron concentration near the surface decreases due to the heat treatment after soaking in J–100. The depth of contamination sometimes reaches about 100 µm. Contamination also occurs due to some organic solvents, although the degree of contamination is smaller than that due to J–100. Such contamination can be removed by etching the contaminated surface of GaAs lightly or soaking contaminated samples in a dilute solution of KCN before the heat treatment. Furthermore, the temperature and time dependence of the depth of the contamination are similar to those of the samples soaked in a dilute solution of CuSO 4 . It is concluded that contamination originates from Cu atoms contained in these solvents.
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The investigation of the mechanism of skin contamination was carried out by a living rabbit skin in the same manner as that of pig skin†. The rabbit skin was contaminated with carrier free 90Sr-90Y or 32P. Consequently, the adhered contamination of epidermis (abbr.; the adhered contamination) or the permeated contamination of dermal (abbr.; the permeated contamination) was obtained in the like result as that of pig skin. In regard to 90Sr-90Y and 32P, the adhered contamination increased steeply within 30 min after contamination and then it increased gradually with an increase of contaminating time. Result obtained also showed that according to pH, 90Sr-90Y indicated the large difference but 32P almost all did not indicate such difference in the adhered contamination. On the other hand, the definite permeated contamination was obtained at the long time contamination without the case of acidic 32P, although there was no regularity in the tendency to the permeated contamination. Particularly, 90Y contributed considerably to the adhered contamination and the permeated contamination, if the contaminating solution of 90Sr-90Y is alkaline. Furthermore, the result obtained recommends an early decontamination-within 30 min after contamination-is of great advantage to a decontamination of human skin.
Human decontamination
radioactive contamination
Pig skin
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Water contamination
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The contamination of beef carcasses was studied together with the capacity of meat surfaces to retain bacteria along the processing line in the slaughter hall. The results showed that the contamination varied along the processing line, but that this pattern was essentially dependent on the contamination at the dressing station. It decreased or remained unchanged during the first 12 min and then increased, even without additional contamination. The contamination varied according to carcasses and micro-organisms studied and was not greatly affected by spray cleaning. The number of bacteria retained changed at a rate similar to that of the contaminants. The attachment was instantaneous. The results are discussed and compared with the various hypotheses about contamination and bacterial attachment processes.
Food contaminant
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